Business Ehtics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Business Ehtics - Essay Example In an organization this is complicated further by the larger numbers of people involved. What might be important to one individual may not be so to others. As the textbook notes, â€Å"no one operates in a vacuum† (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell 126). Thus, many organizational factors influence the process as well. This can be factors ilke the corporate and ethical cultures, which affect how the organization views its â€Å"values, beliefs, goals, norms, and ways of solving problems† (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell 126). â€Å"Obedience to authority,† how likely employees are to obey, can influence the process by how eager employees are to â€Å"resolve business ethics issues by simply following the directives of a superior† (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell 127). Opportunity is â€Å"the conditions in an organization that limit or permit ethical or unethical behavior† (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell 127). These internal and external rewards can affect the process by making people more or less likely to act in a way that is ethical. For instance, if there is more of an opportunity to do unethical things due to a bad ethical culture, people will be less likely to make decisions

The Spire by William Golding Essay Example for Free

The Spire by William Golding Essay How does Golding use stylistic devices to create tension in this extract? (extract where the ground opens up) The extract begins with an imperative spoken by Roger Mason, Look right at the bottom. Although, as master builder, Roger has a higher status than the rest of the workers, Jocelin considers himself as more important than Roger, so this creates a form of social tension. Later on, Jocelin says What is it? Tell me! It is Jocelins turn to use an imperative. It is now unclear as to who is really dominant in this scene. The extract continues with a list of materials that make up the foundations of the cathedral. It is factual, the kind of list that might come from a scientific report. The continuing list gives a sense of Jocelins gaze taking everything in, and gives a feeling of apprehension, as we wonder what will come next. Golding uses antithesis to give a feeling of tension. Contrasting with the scientific nature of the list, we get a human response from Jocelin there seemed little enough to look at, followed by a pebble dropping. This could represent a penny dropping in Jocelins head, as he realises the inadequacy of the existing foundations. The hair rose on the nape of his neck is a reaction that people have when they are afraid, and the fact that Jocelin is afraid, when he believes absolutely in the spire, creates tension and horror. The statement They were all moving more or less, is quite vague, and is again in contrast to the precise list that we began the extract with. Golding also uses it to develop the narrative, from one pebble dropping before to all the stones moving. The quotation about Roger Mason eyes wide open could be used as a contrasting image to Jocelins blind faith. Also, in this quotation The living, pagan earth is the first explicit reference to paganism in the extract, bringing the conflict between the church and the pagans into the open. Dia Mater is a reference to the Greek moon goddess oak cult, and Goldings mention of her in what sounds like Jocelins thoughts show a blurring of the line between the church and the pagans in his panic. This is in contrast to Jocelins usual denial of any kind of religion other than Christianity. Golding uses personalisation to create tension. He personalises the stones he saw one stir, with a sudden recklessness. This instils human qualities into them, which echoes paganism. Paganism was in conflict with the church, creating religious tension, and the workers brought paganism into the church. Also, the adjective recklessly suggests a disregard for reason and human feelings- much like Jocelins building of the spire. Another instance of personalisation is The earth was moving under the grubs, urging them this way and that gives the ground control over the grubs. This could be a metaphor for the way in which what lies beneath the ground the church stands on has begun to govern the church peoples (the grubs) lives. This creates tension because it means that humans are now not fully in control, the natural forces at work are, which again references paganism, setting the workers against the church. Golding uses the characters bodies to reflect their feelings of panic and tension. Jocelin is racked with spasms. This is effective as it shows the practical, physical manifestations of the tense atmosphere. Lips tight round his teeth shows Rogers fear, creating tension as he is the expert, and knows what is happening, and he is very worried. A yellow pallor shining through his skin shows Rogers physical horror and nausea at the sight before him. Imagery is also used to show tension. Like porridge in a pot is a pleasant, domesticated image, which contrasts with the images they are seeing in the pit, helping to emphasise the horrors before them. It could also be that Jocelin is horrified, and is seeking comfort in the thoughts of comfortable, everyday things. The use of grubs as a simile is faintly repellent and gives a feeling of trepidation and suspense, partly due to the fact that grubs do not stay grubs for long, but develop into something else. Roger Mason was staring at the grubs. The use of the word grubs has changed from a simile to a metaphor. This is confusing at first, as it is used in a very literal sense. I think that it shows Jocelins gradual loss of rational thought as he becomes ever more desperate to build the spire. The noseless men meaning the skeletons buried in the church graveyard, turning over and thrusting up. This is quite aggressive imagery, and it creates tension between the living and the dead, as the workmen invade the graveyard. Some form of life is a vague and threatening image, reflecting the uncertainty everyone but Jocelin has about the spire. Repetition is always used quite a lot in this extract. What is it Roger? What is it? Here repetition is used to heighten the tension and suspense, and also show how Jocelin needs reassurance from Roger. It also uses hypophora to attract our attention. He glanced at Roger Mason, does the same thing, and shows that he acknowledges Rogers superior knowledge in this area. With a slow stirring, like the stirring of grubs More repetition exists within this sentence which helps to create tension and suspense. Perhaps the damned stirring uses repetition again, repeating the feelings of tension that were present earlier. Both sound and silence are used to create suspense and tension. No-one made any noise. This could signify that everybody apart from Jocelin knows what is wrong. There came a sharp scream breaks the silence since Jocelins questions, and before that, the sound of the pebble falling. This cuts through the tension created by the extended period of silence, but due to the sentence structure we must wait to see who screamed, creating suspense. The fact that it was Goody Pangall that screamed is surprising, and at odds with what we know of her character so far. This too is unsettling, and gives a sense of confusion and disorder. Goldings diction also creates tension. Jocelin jerked out his hand. Here the use of the word jerked, an abrupt action, shows Jocelins physical fear. The fact that he made a defensive sign at the pit, shows his frustration. Coming to the boil implies that soon everything will reach a climax. But the master builder still strained down, eyes wide open. Goldings use of the word strained shows the tension Roger feels in his whole body. Flicking or flinching are quick movements, at odds with the slow contemplation of the earth we have had up to this point. This gives us the feeling that something is happening. Jocelins gradual realisation that there are no foundations is hinted at throughout the extract. This can create tension due to the uncertainty as to whether he will continue to insist that the spire be built or not, as it has not categorically been said. The earth was moving, we use the phrase the earth moved when something new and groundbreaking had been discovered, again, Jocelin is beginning to realise that Roger was right about the spire. Or the roof of hell down there shows that everything Jocelin fears comes from underground, including the lack of foundations. That which ought not to be seen or touched could be implying that the pit should never have been dug, and the spire should never be built. Turning, seething, coming to the boil gives a repressed, rebellious feeling to the darkness under the earth. The quotation doomsday coming up refers to the end of the world, and the destiny of humanity, which seems apt, considering the uncertain future of the spire. In conclusion, Golding uses many stylistic devices to create tension in this extract. These include repetition, personalisation, imagery, antithesis and metaphor. These combine to create tension in a variety of ways. I think that the most effective is the personalisation of the earth, and the repetition.

The Jellyfish Dystopia Essay -- Ecology

Earth’s environment is a complex construction with multiple parts that are all important to its success. Even creatures like jellyfish cannot be ignored when considering this delicate construction. As humans manipulate the environment, conditions are beginning to favor jellyfish and promote large population explosions. The effects of these large populations have a myriad of effects on humans and can be applied to ecological dynamics found in Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale. The manipulation of the environment by humans is the first factor that has begun to promote the jellyfish dystopia. As humans change the environment, conditions are beginning to favor jellyfish. In an environment that largely favors them, a population explosion and accompanying jellyfish dystopia is inevitable. These population explosions are a great leap toward the jellyfish dystopia. Throughout the marine environment, humans have begun overfishing in multiple marine environments. This opens niches in the oceanic food webs. These niches, or spaces in the food webs, result from the removal of predators that would previously control the jellyfish population (Stone). In the absence of their predators, the jellyfish population is free to expand and forms blooms, or large jellyfish populations. The jellyfish themselves then prevent the native fish population from rebounding by feeding on the fish eggs (Stone). Human proceed to fish in these areas again, and the jellyfish predation decr eases to a greater degree. Humans also improve conditions for jellyfish as we allow pollution levels to rise. Devices like cars are contributors to the carbon dioxide levels. As the CO2 levels rise, this also affects the oceans. They slowly are becoming more acidic and becomin... ...er what manipulating this environment may due to the jellyfish. Unfortunately, in many cases we are improving conditions for them and as a result degrading our own situation. Works Cited Blomberg, Lindsey. "The Great Jellyfish Invasion." E: The Environmental Magazine 23.1 (2012): 16-17. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 May 2012. Pauly, Daniel. "Aquacalypse Now." The New Republic. Mike Rancilio, 9 Sept. 2009. Web. 01 May 2012. Tucker, Abigail. "The New King Of The Sea." Smithsonian 41.4 (2010): 26-37. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 May 2012. Stone, Richard. "Massive Outbreak of Jellyfish Could Spell Trouble for Fisheries." Yale Environment 360. Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, 13 Jan. 2011. Web. 01 May 2012. Vince, Gaia. "Jellyfish Blooms Creating Oceans of Slime." BBC.com. British Broadcasting Company, 5 Apr. 2012. Web. 1 May 2012.

propaganda techniques :: essays research papers

Name Calling: giving an idea a bad label, a negative term that sticks. Glittering Generally: opposite of name-calling, uses â€Å"good† words and phrases that have a positive â€Å"glittering† appeal. They are broad, vague, and often meaningless emotionally charged words. Transfer: uses symbols usually, to carry over the authority, sanction and prestige of something respected and revered over to something else in order to make the latter acceptable. Usually patriotism, religion, religion, and associating yourself with someone popular /famous and using that person’s â€Å"coat tails†. In above picture, featuring John Kerry and John Edwards, I see some transfer with the flag behind them. It seems to symbolize that they are still strong and honorable just like the flag. I think they are hoping to seem patriotic to our country despite all the nasty things they said about our president. Testimonial: having some famous, respected person say an idea (or person) is good (or bad). In the photo of Bush and Schwarzenegger, I think Bush is trying to use Arnold’s popularity and fame to get him a few votes not only in California but also around the nation. Plain Folks: Speaker tries to convince his audience that he and his ideas are good because they are of the people, the â€Å"Plain Folks†. Trying to make us think that he/she is just like us. In picture to the right, bush is seen conversating with the troops like one of the boys. Card stacking: involves arranging facts and arguments to be very one-sided. Usually involves leaving out significant information. In the above picture, this person is trying to force these kids into believing they should follow what he says. He is using force and not telling the entire story. Band Wagon: Everybody is following this program, so follow the crowd,† jump on the band wagon†. In picture to the right, it suggests that everyone should smoke marijuana because even the chipmunk is. The Big Lie: if something is repeated enough times, people begin to accept it as truth.

Why Bangladesh studies should be taught to students of BBA in Bangladesh

Why Bangladesh Studies should be taught for the students of BBA It is important to learn the whereabouts of a country if someone wants to do business in a particular region or a country. As a student of BBA in Bangladesh, ‘Bangladesh studies’ is as important as any other courses in the whole curriculum. If one wants to start business in a particular area (say Bangladesh), one must acquire complete knowledge about:Geography Historical backgrounds Culture Manners & customs Religion and caste Political conditions and attitudes of the political parties Transport & telecommunication Economic infrastructure Government policies & facilities Banking & investments Local business & business communities Natural calamities Insurance & securities Management & Labour cost Electricity & powerThese prospects are described in detailed as followings:Studying geography of Bangladesh, a student will acquire knowledge about the resources, landmass, transport, economic trend of Bangladesh. Th is helps to find a suitable place for establishing business/industrial complex. It is necessary to know the history of Bangladesh as there exists a strong connection between people of the country and their mentality and customs. Now comes the culture, manners & customs. Knowing the culture of Bangladesh will help the student to guess whether the people (consumers) will appreciate the promoted product/service or not. Studying manners and customs are important as well. These will help to acquire knowledge about the tendency and likings of the consumers. It is also important to learn about religion and caste of people of Bangladesh as will help to acquire knowledge about social ceremonies, obligations and harmony of the consumers. Political  conditions of Bangladesh always affect business and economy.The student must be well aware of political stability and attitude of the politicians towards business and economic sectors. Transport & Telecommunication is one of most important factor in entrepreneurship. It is important to know about the transport and telecoms of Bangladesh in order to save time and cost, get logistics, international clientele and also for marketing and advertising. Also note that well established infrastructure ensures stability in business. So, proper knowledge about the infrastructure of Bangladesh is a must. A student will be well aware of the business laws, policies identified by the government of Bangladesh. It is necessary to know the whereabouts of banking sectors for financial support, deposits and transactions. There are always possibilities of competitor companies with similar products/services. So learning about the local business of Bangladesh is necessary in order to promote a new product/service. Bangladesh is a disaster prone region.Flood, earthquake and cyclones are likely to occur almost every year and in order to face the likely disaster and hazards a student need to know how government and other organizations deal with it. A nother important factor related to business is insurance and securities. A BBA student must acquire enough knowledge about insurance sectors of Bangladesh to do a better secured business. It needs a good management and resourceful labour to run a company/industry. Bangladesh studies will help a student where to find the finest executives and cheap and resourceful labour. In case of an industry, accessibility of Electricity and Power is also another important factor. With proper knowledge about the geology of the country a student can identify where to establish an industrial complex.So, it is quite clear that Studying about Bangladesh for BBA students is necessary. Proper knowledge in this field makes a student of BBA a better entrepreneur in the future. Why Bangladesh studies should be taught to students of BBA in Bangladesh Why Bangladesh Studies should be taught for the students of BBA It is important to learn the whereabouts of a country if someone wants to do business in a particular region or a country. As a student of BBA in Bangladesh, ‘Bangladesh studies’ is as important as any other courses in the whole curriculum. If one wants to start business in a particular area (say Bangladesh), one must acquire complete knowledge about GeographyHistorical backgrounds Culture Manners & customs Religion and caste Political conditions and attitudes of the political parties Transport & telecommunication Economic infrastructure Government policies & facilities Banking & investments Local business & business communities Natural calamities Insurance & securities Management & Labour cost Electricity & powerThese prospects are described in detailed as followings:Studying geography of Bangladesh, a student will acquire knowledge about the resources, landmass, transport, economic trend of Bangladesh. Thi s helps to find a suitable place for establishing business/industrial complex. It is necessary to know the history of Bangladesh as there exists a strong connection between people of the country and their mentality and customs.Now comes the culture, manners & customs. Knowing the culture of Bangladesh will help the student to guess whether the people (consumers) will appreciate the promoted product/service or not. Studying manners and customs are important as well. These will help to acquire knowledge about the tendency and likings of the consumers. It is also important to learn about religion and caste of people of Bangladesh as will help to acquire knowledge about social ceremonies, obligations and harmony of the consumers.Political  conditions of Bangladesh always affect business and economy. The student must be well aware of political stability and attitude of the politicians towards business and economic sectors. Transport & Telecommunication is one of most important factor i n entrepreneurship. It is important to know about the transport and telecoms of Bangladesh in order to save time and cost, get logistics, international clientele and also for marketing and advertising. Also note that well established infrastructure ensures stability in business. So, proper knowledge about the infrastructure of Bangladesh is a must.A student will be well aware of the business laws, policies identified by the government of Bangladesh. It is necessary to know the whereabouts of banking sectors for financial support, deposits and transactions. There are always possibilities of competitor companies with similar products/services. So learning about the local business of Bangladesh is necessary in order to promote a new product/service. Bangladesh is a disaster prone region. Flood, earthquake and cyclones are likely to occur almost every year and in order to face the likely disaster and hazards a student need to know how government and other organizations deal with it. Ano ther important factor related to business is insurance and securities.A BBA student must acquire enough knowledge about insurance sectors of Bangladesh to do a better secured business. It needs a good management and resourceful labour to run a company/industry. Bangladesh studies will help a student where to find the finest executives and cheap and resourceful labour. In case of an industry, accessibility of Electricity and Power is also another important factor. With proper knowledge about the geology of the country a student can identify where to establish an industrial complex.So, it is quite clear that Studying about Bangladesh for BBA students is necessary. Proper knowledge in this field makes a student of BBA a better entrepreneur in the future.

A comparative essay of I Cladius by Robert Graves and Augustus by Alan Massie

A comparative essay of I Cladius by Robert Graves and Augustus by Alan Massie "Autobiography is now almost as common as adultery, and almost as reprehensible," wrote Lord Altrincham. Whether writing an autobiography is as reprenhensible is open to debate, but Lord Altrincham did get one thing right: that many people, even the most obscure citizen, are writing autobiographies. Some authors are even taking to writing fictional ones for historical figures who have been dead for millenia.In these books a modern author assumes the role of a historical figure and recounts the subjects life and history of the time period through a first person narritive.Claudius the God by Robert Graves and Augustus by Allan Massie are two such books. The protagonists in these novels, Claudius and Augustus, were both emperors of Rome at the height of its power making them ideal candidates for such a work. The application of a modern author's perspective to an era whose history books are already full of bias, rumour, and unfounded opinion is an interesting premise, but is it actually effective?The answer is yes, the fictional autobiography is an effective and entertaining genre, because it allows for vast amounts of both explicit and implicit characterization, which gives the reader a real insight into the true nature and beliefs of the of the protagonists, which allows the reader to develop connections with the protagonist.papo com a là ­via na casa do claudioThese connections are important because they allow the reader to fully empathize with the protagonist and thus be affected and entertained by the plot of the novel. If these connections do not exist then the reader will not care what happens to the protagonist, and thus the fictional autobiography will fail to be engaging, because the plight of the protagonist is of such importance to the novel.This all-important characterization is achieved implicitly through the protagonists' relations with women, how power corrupts...

Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman Essay

Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman Essay Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman Sociology Essay Example Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman Sociology Essay Example Nowadays, much attention is paid to the notion of self, especially in health care providing institutions. A great number of patients, especially those who obtain disability care, suffer from depressions, exclusion and segregation. These feelings are formed by the surrounding environment and by themselves. The current work investigates how this issue was considered by Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault in order to provide deep understanding of their ideas by comparing and contrasting them. Erving Goffman and His Ideas Erving Goffman is the Canadian sociologist who made the considerable contribution into the social science and study of the human nature in the 20th century (Barsky 1994, p.95). The formation of Goffman’s ideas was based on the works of Tom Burns, Emile Durkheim, Sigmund Freud, and other notable philosophers (Barsky 1994, p.95). He is widely recognized for studying of symbolic interaction, sociology of everyday life, framing of experience (i.e. social organization) and social construction of self. In addition, he paid much attention to the analysis of stigmas and total institutions. The current essay will be focused on his ideas concerning stigma, identity, institutionalization and disability care in the modern society (Barsky 1994, p.95). Erving Goffman provided the following definition of stigma: â€Å"the phenomenon whereby an individual with an attribute which is deeply discredited by his/her society is rejected as a result of the attribute; stigma is a process by which the reaction of others spoils normal identity† (Goffman 1986, p. 34). The person with a stigma is not considered to be a common (Albrecht et al. 2001, p.67). Hence, this person suffers from discrimination and other actions, which reduce his life chances from the side of â€Å"common† members of the society (Goffman 1986, p. 45). This situation can be also described as cutting off from the society (Manning 1992, p.89). It facilitates the individual with stigma to respond to the social discrimination by defensive cowering or hostile bravado (Goffman 1986, p. 67). At the same time, it should be noted that, as per Goffman’s understanding, stigma represents the language of relationships between various individuals but not the set of attributes because individuals from a similar stigma category tend to unite in special groups for the protection of their interests and reflection of their ideas (Goffman 1986, p. 78). The process of stigmatization is brightly reflected in modern health care providing institutions because people with certain illnesses can feel rejection from the side of other (healthy) members of the society. An obvious example is patients with HIV/AIDS as â€Å"when a disease label is attached to a person, the very label itself has the power to â€Å"spoil the sufferers identity†; both personal and social† (Healthy Knowledge 2011). Goffman noted that the social stigma is based on the labelling process. It can be caused by social reaction, i.e. discriminatory experience (â€Å"enacted stigma†), and even by imagined social rejection that can have a negative influence on patient’s self-identity (â€Å"felt stigma†) (Healthy Knowledge 2011). The situation is even sharper in the case of rendering of disability care. It is notable that both abled and disabled patients are influenced by felt stigma because â€Å"the stigmatised individual may be able t o hide the discrediting attribute from others but cannot do so from him or herself† (Healthy Knowledge 2011). However, disabled individuals cannot avoid enacted stigma by moving to another place where they can feel themselves less stigmatized. In their book Caring for People with Learning Disabilities, Ian Peate and Debra Fears (2006) applied Goffman’s works to the modern disability care. They noted that Erving Goffman used the term â€Å"insititualization† to show the way, in which patients became depersonalized by the system of health care providing institutions and health care providers. The sociologist determined a set of various features, which defined the â€Å"insititualization† (Smith 2006, p.109). These features are the following: block treatment, depressonalization, rigid, and inflexible system of social detachment and care between the staff and patients (Goffman 1961, p.101). Hence, patients with disabilities feel exclusion, segregation and abus e for the long-term period (Peate Fearns 2006, p.76). Additional attention should be paid to the concept of â€Å"courtesy stigma† described by Erving Goffman (1963) in his work Stigma: Notes on the management of a spoiled identity. He identified this phenomenon as â€Å"tendency of stigma to spread from a stigmatised individual to his close connections† (Goffman 1986, p.30). In her work Disability and stigma: an unequal life. Speech Language Therapy in Practice, Sarah Earle (2003) provided the real-life example of this concept: the relatives and carers of patients with Alzheimer usually feel shame and embarrassment (Earle 2003, p.22). In addition, it should be noted that Erving Goffman focused on the management of stigmatizing marks rather than on their resistance (Trvino 2003, p.73). Such a micro-social focus created the background for sharp criticism of Goffman’s ideas because the idea of stigmatization was considered as â€Å"articulated, apolitical and divorced from the social processes† (Farrugia 2009, p.1015). The interrelation between social processes and stigma was discussed in the works of Michel Foucault whose ideas are closely connected with Goffman’s. Michel Foucault and His Ideas Michael Foucault is a French philosopher and social theorists who described relationships between knowledge and power and their application by various social institutions for controlling people (Foucault 1982, p.780). The current essay will focus on the description of his ideas concerning personal identity, stigmatization and the role of institutions in the modern social life. It is notable that Michael Foucault provided the dual meaning of the term â€Å"subject†. This meaning depends on the disabled person and the surrounding environment. On the one hand, being the subject means being controlled and dependent from someone else; on the other hand, it implies being tied to someone’s identity by means of self-knowledge and conscience (Tremain 2005, p.87). The philosopher relates both senses to the reflection of power and models, through which individuals were transformed into subjects (Tremain 2005, p.88). Michael Foucault considered institutions as the methods of obtaining advantage by some group of individuals (i.e. confer powers to themselves) by changing some relationships and self-perceptions (Michel-Foucault 2010). In his work, David Farrugia (2009) noted that Michael Foucault put the emphasis on the structural aspects of the stigmatization.The philosopher identified connections between knowledge and power and argued that the power is reflected â€Å"through the construction of embodied subjectivity† (Farrugia 2009, p.1016). Hence, the social control is realized inside the various institutions governed by professionals (such as hospitals, rehabilitation institutions). The subjectivity is created by the constitution of subjects as knowable. Various technologies are used for actualization and performance of this subjectivity. This idea is more thoroughly explained by Shelley Tremain (2005) who investigated the treatment of disabled individuals. The author noted that during the past two centuries the well-being of the general population was secured by the special apparatus which created, classified, controlled and even managed social anomalies, by which people were divided from others and o bjectivized as uncommon (Tremain 2005, p.88). This idea is based on Foucault’s understanding that the exiting practices of division and classification act as the means of individualization of people. Hence, the necessity to increase power is reflected in the creation of the numerous nursing homes and incarcerating of people there (Tremain 2005, p.87). Foucault considered power as the fundamentally repressive thing, in which one social group reigns over the other (Tremain, 2005, p.87). This reigning is reflected in the creation of the illusion that some people are prediscursive, or natural, antecedent (impairment) (Tremain 2005, p.87). This illusion justifies the governmental practices directed on the control of one group of people over the other group of people. Along with that, such illusion can be easily created in the health care providing institutions, which perform treatment of people with disabilities. Being put in the environment of constant pressure and reflection of power, the patients consider themselves as subjects. In addition, health care providers and healthy people influenced by the system and the created illusions perceive these patients as subjects. It should be noted that Foucault did not deny the existence of mental disorder (Varga 2015, p.64). The philosopher just resisted the idea that there should be a defined separation between mental disorder and normal experience (Varga 2015, p.64). He stood in opposition to making any â€Å"normative judgements about the correct point on this continuum at which to fix the boundaries of mental disorder† (Varga 2015, p.64). Comparing and Contrasting of Ideas Presented by Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault As it was stated above, this essay provides analysis and comparison of ideas of Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault concerning the work of various institutions, which are connected with the disability care and self-identification of people who suffer from various disability diseases. It is notable that the ideas of these philosophers have similar backgrounds. However, they are developed in various directions and explain the phenomenon of stigmatization differently. Both Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault highlight the fact that identity of the individual and personal stigmatization is based on two features. The first feature is the perception of the individual by other members of the society. Erving Goffman called this feature â€Å"enacted stigma† while Michel Foucault described it as subjectivization by someone else. This means that both philosophers agreed that the surrounding environment has the considerable influence on the personal identity. The second feature refers to the imagined social rejection, i.e. how the individual considers social attitudes to himself or herself. Erving Goffman named this self-identification feature â€Å"felt stigma†, and Michel Foucault described it as a personal tie to the existing identity by self-conscience. Consequently, both philosophers recognize that the individual himself plays a great role in the personal stigmatization. This understanding is rather relevant for the consideration of the issue of stigma of disabled patients because it shows that this issue is caused by both self-perceptions and social attitudes to these individuals. Erving Goffman even laid emphasis on this statement by providing the idea that people with similar stigmas can join in one group, i.e. form some sort of the society where they are treated as equal. Michel Foucault agreed that people with similar stigma can represent one joint social group that is influenced by other social group (common members of the society). Additionally, it should be noted that both philosophers pointed to the great role of healthcare providing institutions in sharpening of the rejection of individuals with various disabilities. The existing system of health care where patients feel themselves as uncommon members of the society increases their feeling of exclusion and segregation. Goffman stated that in such institutions, â€Å"the organization of life is deliberately designed to strip the inmate of his or her self-image and replace it with one more acceptable to the ethos of the institution† (Jones et al. 2011, p.83). Michel Foucault even stressed that this system was created for planting of this feeling. Special separation of common and uncommon (i.e. disabled) groups of individuals is necessary for strengthening the power and the influence of the first group over the second one. This means that both Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault agree that in the modern society, disability care sharpens the issue of socia l rejection of patients by their depressionalization and exclusion based on social attitudes and their self-identity because they are considered to be uncommon. Along with that, both philosophers highlighted the great influence of the way of interaction between individuals on the formation of the self-identity. Erving Goffman described this phenomenon as interactional footing (Hauser 2005, p.36). He considered conversation between individuals as some kind of reflection of their own frames, schemes and attitudes. In addition, the socialist noted that individuals adapt the way they participate in listening and speaking to interaction on the basis of the consideration of their own position and the position of interactor (Marks 2012, p.16). He noted the following: â€Å"footing is the alignment we take up to ourselves and the others present as expressed in the way we manage the production or reception of an utterance† (Marks 2012, p.16). Erving Goffman also showed that footing can be shifted because of the changes of the alignments and attitudes. In her work, Annie R. Marks (2012) stated that â€Å"the shift in footing is noteworthy beca use it demonstrates the power†. This idea was further developed by Michel Foucault. He noted that the knowledge and the power are reflected through the language. Hence, one social group can create an illusion of separation from other social group by means of discourse through the number of procedures: so called â€Å"discursive practices† (thinking, writing and speaking) act as producers and inhibitors for designation of choices and exclusions (Hook 2001, p.531). The way of interaction has the considerable influence on the formation of relationships between the carer and the disabled person in the modern society because it has particular language forms and reflects the rejection of the patient by the society and by himself or herself. However, there are some contrast in ideas presented by Erving Goffman and thoughts provided by Michel Foucault. While the Canadian philosopher focused on management of stigmatizing marks and the ways, in which people are constituted in mutual interactions, French philosopher directed his investigations on the interrelation between social processes (power and knowledge) and stigma through local circumstances and practices. This means that Goffman is considered to be â€Å"bottom-up† micro-theorist while Foucault represents â€Å"top-down† macro-theorists (Jacobsen 2010, p.16). As per doctrine developed by Erving Goffman, social stigma is based on labelling process while Michel Foucault in his studies stressed the fact that individual’s identity is formed by the intends of one social group to increase its power and influence on the other social group by intensification of the separation between them. This power is reflected in the creation of the illusion of divers ity between the groups. In the modern society, particularly in institutions providing care to disabled patients, this power is reflected in the total control of health care providers and carers (for example, family members) of all the actions and environment of patients. The current essay provides the general description of ideas of Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault in regard to institutialization of the society and personal stigma identity of people who obtain disability care. It is notable that both philosophers have similar visions on numerous matters. First of all, Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault recognized that stigmatization is formed under the influence of attitudes of social members and self-esteem. The attitudes and self-perceptions are reflected through the language. Along with that, both philosophers agree that people with similar stigma can join in one group for reflection and protection of their interests. Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault also noted that modern health care providing institutions have the considerable negative effect on patients because they increase rejection of these people by the society and themselves. However, there are some contrast in ideas of Canadian philosopher and French social theorist. While Erving Goff man focused on management of stigmatizing, Michel Foucault studied the interrelation between social processes. The first one noted that social stigma is based on labeling process while Michel Foucault stressed that individual’s identity is formed by intends of one social group to strengthen its influence on the other social group by escalating the separation between them.

Alternative Meanings for Names of the Head and Its Parts

Alternative Meanings for Names of the Head and Its Parts Alternative Meanings for Names of the Head and Its Parts Alternative Meanings for Names of the Head and Its Parts By Mark Nichol The head and its components, so prominent in our awareness, inspire us to use their names for other meanings. Here are ten words, including head, with their additional connotations. 1. Brain: intellect or the mind, someone considered very intelligent, or something considered the inanimate equivalent of an organic brain; as a verb, to strike someone on the head 2. Brow: a projecting browlike feature, especially at a height, or one’s demeanor or expression 3. Cheek: something similar in form to a human cheek, especially as one of a pair (including, informally, a buttock), or insolence or self-assurance 4. Face: a side or surface, or outward appearance or a facial expression, or confidence or insolence; also used in idioms such as â€Å"save face,† meaning â€Å"to preserve one’s dignity†; as a verb, to stand in the direction of something, or to confront or deal with something 5. Head: the mind, a person in the sense of that person’s mental abilities (â€Å"Wiser heads prevailed†), or natural ability or talent, or one of a number of things, including people, a director or leader, a place of authority or honor, an enthusiast or a drug addict or user, a crisis point, a higher or upper end of an object or one opposite its foot, the source of a stream, creek, or river (also called the headwaters), or a reservoir of water or the structure containing or restraining it, or a moving body of water, the end of a plant, especially with compact fruit or leaves, or the front of a line of moving things; as a verb, to lead or to go toward 6. Jaw: a friendly conversation, or something resembling a jaw, as the side of a narrow passage or an implement for crushing or holding, or, figuratively, in plural form, a threatening situation (â€Å"the jaws of death†); as a verb, to converse in a friendly fashion 7: Lip: something resembling a lip, as an edge or a rim of an object, the use of lips and other mouth parts in playing a musical instrument or the instrument’s mouthpiece, or impudent talk 8. Mouth: a mouthlike entrance or opening, a grimace or other unpleasant expression, speech or voice, impudence or verbosity; as a verb, to pronounce or speak, or to move the mouth as if speaking without making sounds 9. Skull: the mind or brain 10. Tooth: an object resembling a tooth in form or function, or a projecting part of a tool used for cutting or for pushing another part, liking or taste, effective enforcement, or something destructive. Alternative meanings for the names of the facial sense organs, as well as skin, are treated in this post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business Letter50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

INCLUSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

INCLUSION - Essay Example Inclusion is the complete recognition of all school children and clues to a sense of being in the right place within the school room community. Inclusion is an exertion to ensure students with debilities go to school alongside their friends and fellow citizens whereas also getting all that jazz, â€Å"particularly intended teaching and provision† they require to accomplish high principles and to prosper as students. Inclusion is not what we usually refer to as mainstreaming or integration. Mainstreaming challenges to move school children from special schooling classrooms to systematic education school rooms only in circumstances where they are capable to sustain their characteristically emergent peers minus specially planned lessons or support. Integration delivers only â€Å"part-time† inclusion, which stops the pupils from being full fellows of the schoolroom community. (Ainscow, 2000) Inclusive education takes along all students together in one schoolroom and communi ty, not withstanding their strong point or feebleness in any zone to strive to capitalize on the potential of all learners. Inclusion is an exertion to certify that assorted students – those with incapacities, unlike languages and ethos, dissimilar families and family lives, not the same happiness and customs of book learning are exposed to schooling strategies that touch them as separate apprentices. Inclusive schools ask instructors to make available apposite personalized provisions and facilities to all school children without the stigmatization that arises with separation. Instructors in inclusive teaching space show a discrepancy in their classes to add to learning for all schoolchildren. Inclusive Education all around the world follows several principles, like instructors should take more than a few changed methodologies to schooling the similar material so that material becomes more thought-provoking and perceptible to a bigger number of learners. Students who are full of pride of themselves and enthusiastic by the flora and fauna around them will be more empathetic and thoughtful people; the alike is factual for instructors. Educators should take a hands-on tactic to throw light on predetermined pigeon holes and avoid them from accelerating into predispositions and destructive preconceived notion. Students are upright judges of what is just, specifically when they are thrown with thought provoking questions. Teachers should talk to them about concerns of social justice and unfairness in terms of reasonable versus unreasonable, courteous versus discourteous. Inclusive schoolrooms use books and resources that mirror precise images of miscellaneous peoples and encounter typecasts. Instructors also create inquisitiveness and increase students’ vanishing point by lessons about others in an optimistic fashion. Students should have the prospect to learn from their nobles along with other ethos. Lastly, it is essential that the educationalists sh ould be flexible when using and acclimatizing lessons in the prospectuses, over and above in prearranged syllabuses on the whole. Numerous of the utmost teachable moments are unexpected and off-the-cuff. In an inclusive schoolroom, immobilized children get the chance to feel like the other kids who are not disable in any way. They are less

San Francisco estuary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

San Francisco estuary - Essay Example Therefore, the bay is very important to the people since it also contains marshes and mudflats that act as a source of food to fish in the area(Edmund,  2012). Therefore, this makes fishing a key economic activity in the area. The estuary has been found to support over a hundred species of fish that inhabit both the salty and fresh water. Apart from fish, the estuary also supports wildlife such as birds. Therefore, the estuary indeed contributes significantly to human welfare around the area. However, with time different human activities have posed a key threat to the bay. This is due to the negative effects that industrial, agricultural and mining activities have on the organisms that have inhabited the estuary. In addition, both birds and fish have been forced to migrate due to destruction of 80% of its marshes. Therefore, indeed different ways of restoring the estuary need to be developed (Edmund,  2012). The population of growth rate of San Francisco was reported to be very h igh after the population number clocked 825, 900 people in 2012 census. The number of children born each year keeps on increasing and yet, the corresponding death rate remains very low. Therefore, with this high population growth, the number of persons demanding food also keeps on increasing each year. ... Destruction of the wetlands affects the overall balance of the ecosystem since; it affects the flora and fauna in the estuary. Different food chains also become broken since; degradation of the wetlands also forces some birds and mammals to migrate the area (San Francisco Bay Joint Venture, 2001). Dredging is also an issue that has been raised by the increasing population (Cohen & Laws, 2012). Dredging leads to increased dumping of the dredged sediments thus, causes pollution of the estuary. Increased industrial activity also causes increased level of pollutants from the industrial wastes. Pollution has been found to be a key problem to the estuary since the year 1879. For instance, mining activities bring a large number of pollutants such as mercury to the estuary. Urban runoff is also a key source of pollution to the estuary. This is because; it carries with it chemicals and metals washed from the streets. On the other hand, petroleum products also enter the estuary through spillag e from motor vehicle engines and other accidental spills such as from boats and ships. Pesticides used in agriculturemay also be washed to the water thus contributing to the pollution (Cohen & Laws, 2012). On the other hand, some of the pesticides used to control weeds in the water may also pollute the estuary despite being helpful. Therefore, it is indeed essential that the authorities focus on controlling pollution since; it has many detrimental effects on the bay. Human behavior indeed increases the habitat fracture because; most of the reasons leading to the fracture arise from human activities (Edmund,  2012). For instance, mining, agriculture, construction and industrial activities are all activities that are caused by humans. Therefore,

Financial Reporting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Reporting - Research Paper Example e we need to distinguish between cash and profits, and to determine the usefulness of information provided in balance sheet and income statements in the problem of deciding whether a company, has or will be able to generate sufficient cash to finance its operations. Cash flow in a company leads to the following items; Cash from cash in cash out cash goes: Profits Losses Sale of fixed assets Purchase of fixed assets Decrease in stock increase in stock Decrease in debtors increase in debtors Capital introduced drawings Received loan Paid loans Increase in creditors Decrease in creditors Dividend received Dividend paid Interest received Interest paid In our case, profit from operations before interest and tax of 1654 has overstated profits. We need to deduct interest and tax to get the real value of profit after tax and interest. An increase in inventories reduces cash balance as well as increase in trade receivables. Depreciation is an expense charged on the asset. It does not affect cash balance in the firm. An increase in trade payables increases cash inflow. This gives a balance from operations of 1377. Interest paid and income tax paid reduces cash balance too. At the end of the day, net cash from operating activities is overstated by depreciation and profit before tax and interest. A company's performance are realistical and do not depend so much on profits earned in the period but on liquidity of cashflows International Accounting Standards 7 "provides information to users of financial statements about cashflows of a company. It provides information on ability of the company to generate cash and cash equivalents. It also indicated cash needs for the enterprise. The standards provides that cash...Depreciation is an expense charged on the asset. It does not affect cash balance in the firm. An increase in trade payables increases cash inflow. This gives a balance from operations of 1377. Interest paid and income tax paid reduces cash balance too. At the end of the day, net cash from operating activities is overstated by depreciation and profit before tax and interest. A company's performance are realistical and do not depend so much on profits earned in the period but on liquidity of cashflows International Accounting Standards 7 "provides information to users of financial statements about cashflows of a company. It provides information on ability of the company to generate cash and cash equivalents. It also indicated cash needs for the enterprise. The standards provides that cash needs for the activities, investing activities and financing activities" These are accounts of two companies that are combined into one account. This happens when one firm acquires one or more other companies. This is mainly for a business combination a company acquires control of one or more enterprises. They combine into one entity as a whole therefore profit and loss accounts are combined into one. This is where o

Telefonica Spain Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Telefonica Spain - Case Study Example The privatization of state-owned enterprises was among the changes within the political environment, which motivated the global expansion of Telefonica Spain. Additionally, the rise of globalization caused the company to seek new markets in foreign countries. In addition, there was government deregulation and hence liberalization of the market which allowed the company to expand to foreign markets. The changes in the economic environment which stirred Telefonica’s global expansion include the competitiveness in the market especially in labor, returns on revenue, market share and shareholder values. It is argued that companies expand into foreign markets as a measure of adapting to the changes in the political, economic and social-cultural environment (Hill, 2011). Telefonica Spain’s initial focus in Latin America as opposed to its expansion into the European market was as a result of the deep social cultural and language ties that Spain had with Latin America. The social-cultural factor is the most significant consideration by a company which seeks to expand internationally. This is because culture defines the preferences and values of the consumers and hence determines their decisions to purchase and use a company’s products (Hill, 2011). Additionally, the rapid growth of the telecommunication industry within Latin America in terms of both mobile communications and internet connections inspired Telefonica Spain to expand into this market to meet the expanding needs of consumers for telecommunication services and products. Question 3: Telefonica has used acquisitions, rather than Greenfield ventures, as its entry strategy. Why do you think this has been the case? What are the potential risks associated with this entry strategy?

Contribution Margin And Breakeven Analysis Essay

Contribution Margin And Breakeven Analysis - Essay Example This was the wrong decision because she did not consider the fact that despite lower operating profits, Lemon Crme enjoyed higher contribution margin than Real Mint i.e. 0.94 while Real Mint had the contribution margin of 0.64. The right decision should have been that the production of Lemon Crme should continue with the same quantity and its production should not be cut off. The bulk order should be accepted by reducing the current production of Real Mint. 1. If the price offered for the Real Mint is low causing decline in the operating profit OR the price per unit offered can not offset the variable and fixed cost incurred on the production. In the current case, the price per unit of $1.12 is generating the operating profit of $580,000. 2. If the production unit offered for the Real Mint is very high, in other words, in order to produce the required quantity of Real Mint, the production of Lemon Crme should be cut off to its actual position. In that case, the offer should be rejected, as the current price offered per unit is relatively very low than the price of the Lemon Crme and acceptance of the order, will result in the overall lose of operating profit. If the breakeven volume of Lemon Crme cookies in this new plant is 650,000 packs then she should not accept to buy the new unit. There are several reasons for that.

Telefonica Spain Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Telefonica Spain - Case Study Example The privatization of state-owned enterprises was among the changes within the political environment, which motivated the global expansion of Telefonica Spain. Additionally, the rise of globalization caused the company to seek new markets in foreign countries. In addition, there was government deregulation and hence liberalization of the market which allowed the company to expand to foreign markets. The changes in the economic environment which stirred Telefonica’s global expansion include the competitiveness in the market especially in labor, returns on revenue, market share and shareholder values. It is argued that companies expand into foreign markets as a measure of adapting to the changes in the political, economic and social-cultural environment (Hill, 2011). Telefonica Spain’s initial focus in Latin America as opposed to its expansion into the European market was as a result of the deep social cultural and language ties that Spain had with Latin America. The social-cultural factor is the most significant consideration by a company which seeks to expand internationally. This is because culture defines the preferences and values of the consumers and hence determines their decisions to purchase and use a company’s products (Hill, 2011). Additionally, the rapid growth of the telecommunication industry within Latin America in terms of both mobile communications and internet connections inspired Telefonica Spain to expand into this market to meet the expanding needs of consumers for telecommunication services and products. Question 3: Telefonica has used acquisitions, rather than Greenfield ventures, as its entry strategy. Why do you think this has been the case? What are the potential risks associated with this entry strategy?

How to Differentiate Customers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to Differentiate Customers - Essay Example Average Revenue: Businesses need to evaluate the average revenue earned over a period of time. From the accounts perspective, the management needs to check what is the current spending of the customer and what would be the projected revenue. Based on it the average revenue against a customer needs to be calculated. If average revenue is good or is very good then definitely the business should spend more time on the customer.Revenue Change Score: The annual changes in revenue are given the maximum weight where the management can analyze and comprehend the percentage change over the last fiscal years with the current year. The analysts need to study the increase / decrease in revenue to get the change graph. The analysts also need to forecast future revenue change based on current market scenario, customer relationship and other internal and external factors. Lewis (2005) stated that firms should identify their profitable customers and strategically plan their marketing based on custom er asset value. He also specified that the forecasting of the future value of customers is of paramount importance. The management can decide which customers should be allocated more time due to current net worth and prediction of future net worth.Current Relationship: The current relationship with the customer plays an important role in identifying the various parameters related to current revenue and future revenue projections. Customer relationship remains at the core of the entire business where a transparent., flexible and service orientation relation helps in gaining customer satisfaction. Reliability and confidence build up are important in ensuring future revenue and growth of the company. Conflict management should reduce any communication errors and help the firm project its growth plan. Technology Entanglement: Technology plays yet another important role in customer relationship management. Proper reporting, web conferencing and email management helps in communicating with the client. Log maintenance helps reduce communication issues. System integration helps the management in knowing what value additions are given to the customer and vice versa. This helps the organization to differentiate between the various customers and their net worth to the organization. Share of client: The share of outsourced work needs to be evaluated for the customer. There are a lot of instances where outsourcing is required and the business should assess it. Partnership: There needs to be a constant partnership with the customer with communication being a vital aspect of it. Constant

Patient’s history Essay Example for Free

Patient’s history Essay Nursing Diagnosis 1: Inadequate nutrition Debbie’s nutrition is not adequate for her age, as well as her weight. Due to frequent nausea/vomiting, emotional distress she lost weight. Her weight is less ( 89 pounds) compared to her usual weight ( 110 pounds). The assessment and management of weight is a major preoccupation in contemporary healthcare. Clinical interventions focus on achieving energy balance deficit and are premised on claims that excess weight/fatness (body mass index (BMI) 25) is a significant direct cause of morbidity and mortality and, correspondingly, that weight loss in fat (overweight or obese) people will reduce risk and/or improve health outcomes. (Aphramor, 2010). Desired Outcome 1 Desired Outcome 2 Nursing Intervention 1 Refer Debbie to nutritionist. Debbie will have more information regarding healthy eating within 2 weeks. She will realize the importance of her diet and metabolism. Debbie realized the importance of healthy nutrition and regimen. She gained weight in 2 months more than 10 pounds. She feels comfortable and happy. Nursing Intervention 2 Pharmacological intervention, education regarding medications. Debbie will control her weight also by controlling her nausea using the prescribed medication for nausea. She will receive information on how to use the medication, frequency, dosage, side effects in 2 days. After one week Debbie has more information regarding her medications, realized that medication helps her to control nausea and takes as ordered. Evaluation method Follow up visit in doctor’s office after discharge within 2 weeks, daily weights. Follow visit- patient weighs 12 pounds more, less nauseous, feels comfortable in her weight. Rationale Patient education, more information regarding nutrition, talking, relaxation techniques, pharmacological. Given instructions regarding future appointments and plans on her treatment, daily weights, weight control. Nursing Diagnosis 2: Educational deficit Debbie needs more information regarding her care. She needs education related to medications, self-catheterization, breast self-examination. Patient education is a central the practice of nursing and should be in part of their domain. The most important part of patient education is to prepare Debbie for independence in her care, increase the confidence and competence for self-management. (Bastable, 2006). Desired Outcome 1 Desired Outcome 2 Nursing Intervention 1 Instructions on how do self breast- examinations and self- catheterization, warning signs/symptoms. Debbie will be able to do breast self-examination herself in one week, will be able to perform intermittent self-catheterization. Two weeks passed. Debbie states how she performs breast self-examination, what she needs to look out for. She states how often she does the examination and demonstrates what positional changes she needs to do. Nursing Intervention 2 Patient education Debbie will know information about her medications, route, dosage, side effects in 2 days. Teach back achieved regarding medications. Debbie states that she was anxious previously as she thought the will not remember all the information given. She is happy as she did everything correct. Evaluation method Asked multiple cross questions, Debbie answers as educated, seems more interested in future education. Debbie made an organizer for her. The organizer contains medication regimen, few special considerations, reminders. Rationale Demonstrated Debbie how to do breast examination, catheterization. Used a kit and plastic body to demonstrate. Used the board to give important information regarding medication. Debbie demonstrates what she does at home to do the catheterization, breast self-examination, questions given, answered properly as was educated. Nursing Diagnosis 3: Emotional distress. Debbie is experiencing emotional distress, anxiety. As stated in case study she is tearful, has great concern regarding her future. Effective  communication among nurse and patient/family can improve care and relieve suffering. The diagnosis and treatment for cancer is a major challenge and it affects all aspects of life. By therapeutic communication, providing information, encouraging optimistic outlook, teaching how to reduce stress patient care will have better outcomes. (Yarbro, Wujchik, Gobel, 2010). Desired Outcome 1 Desired Outcome 2 Nursing Intervention 1 Debbie will get used to controlling her stress by daily walks, relaxation techniques, music, spending time with family in 2 weeks. Debbie states she feels better spending time with family, resting, being in the park, meeting friends when feeling lonely and anxious. Nursing Intervention 2 Debbie will be seen by spiritual care in 2 days. Debbie states that her conversations with spiritual care makes her feel more relaxed, she reads books, has prayers at her bedside. Evaluation method Given instructions on how to manage time and stress with different activities, planning activity and periods of rest. Asked questions regarding Debbie’s days, stress management. Rationale Educational packets, brochures, referrals provided. Multiple written stress tests used to find our patient’s emotional condition. Seems more relaxed and less anxious. References Aphramor, L. (2010, July). Validity of claims made in weight management research: a narrative review of dietetic articles. Nutrition Journal, 9(). Bastable, S. B. (2006). Essentials of Patient Education. : Jones Bartlett Learning. Yarbro, C., Wujchik, D., Gobel, B. (2010). Cancer Nursing: Principles and Practice (7th ed.). : Jones Bartlett Learning.

Evidence Based Public Health Health And Social Care Essay

Evidence Based Public Health Health And Social Care Essay Public programmes have absorbed huge amount of money for health improvement, social welfare, education, and justice. However, the result of the programmes are still unkown whether improve peoples lives or not and experts knowledge is not used in policy decisions (Oxman, et al. 2010). Gaps between research of effectiveness and policy implementation are also clearly seen (Brownson, Chriqui, Stamatakis 2009). These gaps occur because policy makers have different priorities. Black (cited in Wallace 2006) argued that ideological blinders, economic pressures (both in governmental budgets and their own campaign coffers), electoral realities, bureaucratic inertia, and a host of other factors that can make good data irrelevant, influence policy maker in decisions making. Wallace (2006) also stated that political concerns lead to immune to facts in policy makers. Brownson, Chriqui, Stamatakis (2009) stated that the process of making public policies can be complex and messy and the policies are not only technically sound, but also politically and administratively feasible. The first step of health-policy making-process is problem identification and agenda setting. In this stage, public problems will be political agenda if the problems are converted into political issue (Palmer Short 2000). Evidence-based public health enable to influence policy makers in public health decisions because evidence-based practice use a particular type of evidence and focus on clear reasoning in the process of appraising and evidence interpretation (Rychetnik et al 2004). Evidence-based practice rises evidence from research which encompass a wide variety of public health research. Rychetnik et al (2004) also mentioned several type of studies which used in evidence-based public health such as decriptive, taxonomic, analytic, interpretive, explanatory and evaluative. Prinja (2010) asserted that evidence and information contribute to policy making process through research and consultative process or published documents or reports. Moreover, Rychetnik et al., expanding on earl ier Brownsons argument (cited in Fielding Briss 2006) argued that evidence-based public health decisions can be supported by three types of scientific evidence. Type 1 evidence is that something should be done is determined by causes and magnitude of disease, severity and preventibility. Type 2 evidence shows that which intervention or policies should be done may effective in specific intervention to promote health. Type 3 evidence describe how something should be done that how and under what circumstances interventions were implemented and how they were received. Those type of evidence are useful in public health decision because they may improve the quality and availability of the evidence (Rychetnik et al 2004). Evidence for evidence-based policy can be determined into two categories, quantitative evidence and qualitative evidence. Both of them are important for policy relevant evidence (Brownson, Chriqui, Stamatakis 2009). Quantitative evidence for policy making, which provides data in numerical quantities, is collected from many sources, such as scientific information in peer-reviewed journals, public health surveillance systems, or evaluations of individual programs or policies (Brownson, Chriqui, Stamatakis 2009). Quantitative evidence, for example prevalence, incidence and cumulative incidence, may express the magnitude and severity of public health problems through frequency or proportion and rates measurments (Rychetnik et al 2004) but this type of evidence presents little understanding of why some relationships exists (Brownson, Fielding, Maylahn 2009). On the other hand, qualitative evidence or non numerical data may be taken from methods such as participants, group interviews, or f ocus group. Qualitative evidence may influence policy deliberations, setting priorities and proposing policy solutions by telling persuasive stories (Brownson, Chriqui, Stamatakis 2009). However, according to Rychetnik et al (2004) one of qualitative evidence that is expert opinion is positioned at the lowest level in levels of evidence hierarchies and identified as the least reliable form of evidence on the effectiveness of interventions. Nevertheless, the combination between two type of evidence leads to a stronger persuasive impact in policy making process than using only one type of evidence (Brownson, Chriqui, Stamatakis 2009). Evidence-based practitioner shoul build strong evidence to convince public health policy makers. Brownson, Fielding, Maylahn (2009) proposed three concept to achieve a more evidence-based approach to public health policy. First, scientific information on the programs and policies is required to make more effective in health promotion. Second, combination between information on evidence-based interventions from the peer-reviewed literature and the realities of a specific real-world environment is required to translate science to practice. Third, the prove of effectiveness of interventions must be informed in wide-scale consistently at state and local levels. Brownson, Chriqui, Stamatakis (2009) also recommended that evidence should show public health burden, identify priority of an issue over many others, present relevance at the local level, show benefits and harm from intervention, explain the issue by how many peoples lives are affected, and estimate the cost of intervention. In the article example (LeePark 2010) which is about HBV immunisation policy in the US, it is clear that the policy was based on convincing evidence, in this case was epidemiological data. According to these data which taken from different sources, such as American Cancer Society (ACS) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that chronic HBV infection is responsible for the majority HBV-related morbidity and mortality. Some quantitative evidence was provided such as 1.4-2 million (0.4%) people had chronic HBV invection. The policy also relied on other successful policy intervention which might produce similar result if the HBV immunisation was implemented in population. The CDC reported that the incidence of acute HBV infection decreased 80% which was largely due to universal vacination programs for children. Characteristic of the HBV infected population was also identified such as 2.7-11% among injecting drug users, 1.1%-2.3% in homosexual, 1.5% among pregnant wo men. The data convincingly showed that there was corelation between HBV and HIV infection. The natural history of the disease also clearly identified led to assumption that HBV vaccination was important for community. The next stage of the health policy making process is policy formation. In this stage, policies are formulated or changed to a new policies. The formation stage, which is also referred to policy design or development, specific attention will be provided when policies are examined relating to the issues (Palmer Short 2000). According to Brownson, Chriqui, Stamatakis (2009) that formulation of health policies in public health practice is complex and depends on variety of scientific, economic, social, and political forces. However, huge number of people want policy and practice to be relied on the best scientific evidence. Maximising policy effectiveness and efficiency depend on evidence base (Wallace 2006). On the other hand, policy makers require a reasonable and justifiable policy solution. Hence, health public practice should develop a convincing message based on research evidence to explain policy makers how the intervention may solve the public health problems (Goldstein 2009). To develop policy formulation, research evidence should be reviewed and evaluated before being proposed to policy makers. The aim of the research evaluation is to determine the degree of credibility (validity and reliability) of information and usefulness (relevance and generality) in a different context (Rychetnik et al 2004). Systematic Reviews and Critical Appraisal are required in evidence review processes as a guide to understand the research methods (Rychetnik et al 2004). Systematic review implementation leads to practitioners and policymaker to understand all of relevant information, how the evidence was collected and assembled, and how the conclusions and recommendations relate to the information (Fielding Briss 2006). Then, the result of evidence review will be integrated with social consideration which obtained from practitioners, policy makers and consumer to produce evidence based recommendations (Rychetnik et al 2004). Through systematic appraisal of research, public h ealth practice enable to demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions based on available evidence (McMichael, Waters, Volmink 2005). In other words, the evidence-based recommendations are based on the nature and strenghth of the evidence. Furthermore, the recommendations should be evaluated with respect to the balance of advantages and disadvantages (Rychetnik et al 2004) or the benefits of interventions must be weighed against the costs (Cookson 2005). However, systematic review tend to have narrow and regressive interpretation of the nature of evidence which leads to exclude a wide range of research-based information and professional experience that may be important to policy development (Nutbeam 2001). Therefore, combination between systematic review and narrative review may bring convincing evidence rather than systematic review alone. Iit is obvious in the article example that the recommendation of HBV immunisation in the US was based on previous research evidence. For example, in June 1982, the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) released the first inactivated HBV vaccines for individuals at a high risk for HBV infection (Lee Park 2010). The reason why the first HBV vaccine recommendation only for high risk community because epidemiological data showed that the distribution of hepatitis B cases was not uniform across populations. Large and urban immigrant-dense areas had higher prevalence of chronic HBV infection. The CDC concluded that high morbidity and mortality from chronic HBV infection in the US would be unavoidable if those high risk populations were not interfered by immunisation programs. In 1989, the recommendation of HBV vaccine were expanded to health care workers after obtaining surveillance data of the HBV infection prevalence and input from health professionals through public a nd private requests (Lee Park 2010). The third stage of the health-policy-making process is adoption. In this stage the policy formulation is enacted and brought into force, such as state legislation (Palmer Short 2000). Public health practice requires advocacy and lobbying to influence policies, change practice and achieve public health action. Nevertheless, the process of achieving influence is often difficult rather than appraising evidence and formulating recommendations because the process requires more complex social and political negotiations and often detrmined by social, political and commercial factors (Rychetnik et al 2004). Brownson, Fielding Maylahn also argued that translation from research to community applications may require many years. Moreover, evidence-based policy and practice inform the policy maker through evidence consideration whereas policy making will depend on prevailing values and priorities. Therefore, it is challenging for public health practice to close the gap between research and pract ice (Rychetnik et al 2004). According to Nutbeam (2001), policy development is a political process rather than scientific-based process. Hence, evidence-based public health requires a strong public health voice and advocacy supports within political system in which may be obtained from public and mass media. Another support may come from public servants who have skill in critical appraisal of evidence to use research evidence in the policy development. The article example of HBV immunisation programs in the US shows that several groups influenced the US government decisions in HBV immunisation programs. From inside of the government, such as National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), American Cancer Society (ACS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the CDC Advisory Committe on Immunization Practices (ACIP), supported the HBV immunisation proposals by providing convincing data to the government. WHO, as an outside of government institution, might influence the US government to consider the spread of the disease by presenting international data of HBV prevalence. Health professional also forced the government to expand the HBV immunisation program not only for infant and high risk groups but also children and all adolescents. The next step of the health-policy-making process is implementation of the policy. In this stage, policy document is changed into reality (Palmer Short 2000). Evidence-based public health is challenged to translate research evidence to practice among organisations, practitioner groups, or general public. Evidence-based practitioners enable to identify the most important component of an intervention to bring effective actions to the community (Brownson, Fielding, Maylahn 2009). Interventions in public health should focus on the benefit of communities or populations rather than individuals, although many intervention bring secondary advantages to individuals (Frommer Rychetnik 2003). Rychetnik et al (2004) stated that public health interventions include policies of governments and non-government organisations; laws and regulations; organisational development; community development; education of individuals and communities; engineering and technical developments; service development a nd delivery; and communication, including social marketing. In the example article, the recommendation of HBV immunisation in the US was implemented by ACIP whereas the federal provided vaccine for health care workers and children. The final step of the health-policy-making process is evaluation which include monitoring, analysis, criticism and assessment of existing or proposed policies. The result of the evaluation is used as data sources in agenda setting and policy formation. The goal of the evaluation is to bring policy implementation in effective and efficient ways (Palmer Short 2000). Evidence-based policy requires documenting the effect of implemented policies to undertand the impact of interventions on community and individual which may change peoples behaviour (Brownson, Chriqui, Stamatakis 2009). McMichael, Waters, Volmink (2005) believed that evidence around intervention effectiveness plays important role to address health priorities for the next policies particularly in developing countries or resource-poor areas. Evidence-based practice use evidence as valuable sources in evaluation to maximise the benefits and limits the harms of public health policy and practice. The evidence enable to inform e valuation planning to improve the quality and relevancew of new research (Rychetnik 2004). Evaluation may also be useful to explain failures in policy implementation, unintended side effects, and monitoring the policy application towards achieving the policy goal (Wallace 2006). Evidence-based practice also evaluate public health policy in economic perspective because it can provide information about the association between economic investment on public health programs and policies and health impacts, such the prevelance of prevented disease or years of life saved. This method, named cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), can explain the relative value of alternative interventions on public health programs and policies (Brownson, Fielding, Maylahn 2009). Another important evaluation of evidence-based policy is health impact assessment (HIA) that enables to estimate the possibility impacts of policies or interventions in out side of health perspective, such as agriculture, transportation, and economic development, on population health. HIA also analyse the envolvement of stakeholders in the policy interventions. Evidence-based practitioner use this method because there is much evidence that population health and health disparities are influenced by many determinants such as social and physical environments (Brownson, Fielding, Maylahn 2009). Therefore, it is essential to evaluate health policy implementation in different ways. In the article of HBV immunisation in the US, CDC always conducted evaluation and found that the incidence of HBV infection had declined after releasing recommendation of HBV vaccination. The CDC also identified that education of health care providers was clearly important to make the program successful (Lee Park 2010). The result of CDCs evaluation, which formulated into epidemiological data, can help to build new strategies to eliminate HBV infection, such as expansion of HBV immunisation recommendation for other groups and routine screening for HBV positive persons. In conclusion, evidence-based public health is important in public health policy making because evidence-based approach enables to provide policy suggestion based on convincing evidence generated from rigorous research. Since many determinants influence public health, analysis of quality and quantity evidence is essential to convince policy makers in identification of policy priorities and the best public health interventions. This essay also suggest that faster and better scientific information may influence public assumption in public health which leads to support evidence-based policy making in public health interventions.

Innate Evil in Goldings Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

This paper will explore the three elements of innate evil within William Golding's, Lord of the Flies, the change from civilization to savagery, the beast, and the battle on the island. Golding represents evil through his character's, their actions, and symbolism. The island becomes the biggest representation of evil because it's where the entire novel takes place. The change from civilization to savagery is another representation of how easily people can change from good to evil under unusual circumstances. Golding also explores the evil within all humans though the beast, because it's their only chance for survival and survival instinct takes over. In doing so, this paper will prove that Lord of the Flies exemplifies the innate evil that exists within all humans. Civilization is compromised when rules become unnecessary and the children?s state of mind has changed for the worst. In Lord of the Flies, the conch shell and signal fire represent civilization, but as the children lose interest in having a leader, and following rules, these objects lose their meaning and savagery takes over. ?We may stay here till we die,? (pg.9) was a very powerful quote, because from the beginning of the novel, Golding is foreshadowing their future on the island. Another example of this is their painted faces and tribal dances, which happen when they?ve killed a pig. A force greater than they can control seems to take over their humanity, and because children haven?t been exposed to think for themselves, they don?t know between right and wrong. Therefore, society hasn?t conditioned them to be evil, but the evil resides within them naturally. This leads to the fact that a beast really does exist within all human beings, but is only expressed when human instinct for survival becomes the main objective. At first the boys aren?t able to kill, but as survival instinct starts taking over, the reader?s are able to se the true character?s play out, and lives are compromised. ?You feel as if you?re not hunting, but- being hunted, as if something?s behind you all the time in the jungle,? (pg.53) proves that it?s every man for himself and people will do anything to survive. An example of this in the novel was when Robert became the ?pig,? and was wounded even though it wasn?t intentional, but the situation became worse when Piggy?s death happened as a result of all civilization lost and evil taken over.

Assignment Title Self-discipline Essay

Demonstrate self-discipline through relevant activities M2 – Perform relevant activities with a high standard of self-discipline D2 – Evaluate personal levels of self-discipline for entry to the uniformed public services I personally believe that I as an individual posses many skills and qualities that demonstrate my self-discipline. Self-discipline is another form of discipline and an essential quality for a member of any service. Self-discipline can be defined as the ability to apply yourself in the correct manner, including controlling yourself and your feelings. To  appreciate the qualities needed for self-discipline fully, you need to understand the following things; personal grooming and presentation punctuality time management reliability attendance composure attitude performance personality If you lack any of the qualities that make up the key areas of self-discipline then more likely than not, you will not be able to succeed at your job. For example, poor attendance could mean that you are not fully informed of important issues at briefings, which will mean that your team cannot rely on you to respond to certain situations correctly. Over the time I have spent at college I believe that I have successfully achieved some, if not all, of the points listed above. Personal Grooming and presentation In the uniformed public services, where members of the public may be looking to you for help or guidance, it is particularly important that you are of smart appearance. People form impressions and opinions about us from the way we appear to them, so if you want to create the right impression it is important that you are correctly presented. I have shown great examples of personal grooming and presentation by arriving at college (with 100% attendance) in my uniform, with polished boots and well ironed uniform. Punctuality In order to run efficiently and effectively, organisations have to be keep to tight schedules and this means being governed by time. In the public services punctuality is vital so that, at any time, someone can say where, when and how many people are on duty. At the beginning of a shift, public service personnel are briefed about any major issues that may have been arisen, for example, police officers would be kept updated about a missing  child. If you are late for a shift and miss the briefing, then you are preventing that organisation from operating at its full efficiency. Time Management Good time management skills are very useful skills to have. Someone who manages their time well can be far more productive than someone who may appear to be very busy, but who is, in fact, not being very productive at all. Often, there is not enough time to do all the work that needs to be completed by specific deadlines. This theoretically means that employees need to prioritise their work. To prioritise means to sort out which tasks are the most urgent and need to be completed first. People can be easily distracted and lose concentration rather quickly when tasks have to be completed, therefore, it requires a high level of self-discipline to keep on track and stay dedicated. Reliability In the uniformed public services reliability is an essential quality to posses. Being reliable means doing what you have agreed to do, therefore not letting people down. This is extremely important in the public services, where good teamwork is essential and team members need to be able to rely on each other. Attendance All employers, both in the public services and in the private sector, expect their employees to attend work regularly. Poor attenders can be expected to be disciplined or even dismissed. This is because work rotas are planned around the number of people who will be available, and this cannot work if people do not turn up. No team or organisation can operate effectively in this way. Composure If a person is described as being composed, it means that they remain calm, even in stressful situations or times of crisis. This can be extremely important members of the uniformed public services who need to think quickly and clearly at such times. Attitude Having the right attitude can be very important when you have to attend a job  interview. Uniformed public service employers will be looking for someone who shows that they are enthusiastic without being overbearing, confident without being cocky and who are polite and courteous, not aggressive or ‘stroppy’. Having a good attitude can be equally important when you are employed as a member of the uniformed services. You will need to be able to listen to members of the public and to empathise with them without letting your own attitude and feelings come to the for front. Performance Conscientious employees will carry out their job to the best of their ability. Public service workers will always be expected to provide a first-class service and to give the public good value for money. You will find that if your self-discipline is at a high enough standard then you will be able to do this without someone having to watch over you. Personality When ‘personality’ is talked about in the uniformed public services, it means they are talking about the distinctive, unique qualities that make members of a service stand out from others. When you are seen in a uniform people assume that you don’t have a personality. This is definitely not the case. Your personality can make a huge difference to your role within the public services: it can make you popular colleague to work with it can ease relations with the public both at home and abroad.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Essay

I decided to write my paper about the coagulation system, including clot formation, but mainly about Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, also known as DIC, is a pathological activation of blood clotting mechanisms that may happen in response to a variety of diseases, or illnesses. However, DIC, is most commonly observed in severe sepsis and septic shock. DIC is not a specific illness, rather it is a complication or an effect of the progression of other illnesses or diseases. (Porth, 2011). When the body becomes injured, certain proteins in your blood become activated and travel to the injury site to help stop bleeding and control hemostasis. Hemostasis is the normal process of sealing off a blood vessel to prevent blood loss and hemorrhage. It is abnormal when it fails to appropriately clot the blood, or when this clotting is insufficient to stop the bleeding. Following an injury, there is an immediate vessel spasm that promotes vasoconstri ction, which tries to diminish the blood flow. Collagen from the damaged site, releases platelets which adhere to the damaged vessel, and there, they undergo degranulation and release cytoplasmic granules, ADP, Thromboxane A2, and Serotonin which is a vasoconstrictor. The ADP then attracts more platelets to the area, and the Thromboxane A2 promotes platelet aggregation, degranulation, and even more vasoconstriction. This process promotes the formation of a platelet plug. The damaged tissue now releases Factor III (3), which, with the aid of Ca++, will activate Factor VII (7), which initiates the extrinsic mechanism of clotting. Factor XII (12), which comes from active platelets, will activate Factor XI (11), which initiates the intrinsic mechanism. Both active Factors VII (7), and active Factors XI (11), promote a cascade-like reaction, eventually activating Factor X (10). Activating Factor X (10), along with Factor III (3), V (5), Ca++, and Platelet Thromboplastic Factor, all activate prothrombin. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin.Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Fibrin initially forms a loose mesh, but then Factor XIII, (13) causes the formation of cross link-like structures, which convert fibrin into denser fibers. Platelets and red blood cells become caught up in this mesh of fiber, and the end result is the formation of a blood clot. (Liebman, et al, 2008). Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, as stated earlier, leads to the formation of small blood clots inside the blood vessels, and may occur in 30-50% of patients with sepsis. It develops in an estimated 1% of all hospitalized patients. DIC occurs at all ages and in all races, and no particular sex predisposition has been noted. (Matsuda, 1996). As stated above, that massive activation of the cascade-like reaction as a normal clotting mechanism, now causes a generation of microthrombi to release that make vessels occlude and leads to tissue ischemia. All these clot formations devour the available coagulation proteins and platelets. They become depleted and severe hemorrhage may result. The common bleeding sites are the mouth, nose and venipuncture sites. There is extensive bruising, and multiple organ failure. Laboratory findings show the PT and APTT are usually very prolonged and the fibrinogen level is markedly reduced. High levels of fibrin degradation products are noted. There is severe thrombocytopenia. The only effective treatment is reversing the underlying cause. Platelets may be transfused if counts are less than 5-10,000/mm and massive hemorrhage is occurring. Fresh frozen plasma can also be administered in an attempt to replenish the coagulation factors, though these are only temporary measures and may result in an increased development of even more thrombi. The prognosis varies depending on the cause and extent of the intravascular thrombosis. For patients with DIC, regardless of the cause, it is often sad, and between 10% and 50% of these patients will die. DIC with sepsis has a significantly higher rate of death than DIC that is associated with trauma. References Leibman, H.A., Weitz, I.C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. In:Hoffman, R., Benz, E.J., Shattil, S.S., et al, eds. Hematology:Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, Elsevier, Churchill, Livingstone; 2008: 132. Matsuda, T. Clinical aspects of DIC-disseminated intravascular coagulation. Pol Journal of Pharmacology. Jan-Feb 1996;48(1):73-5. [Medline]. Porth Mattson, C. 2011. Essentials of Pathophysiology. (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa:Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. Schafer, A. I. Hemorrhagic disorders:disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver failure, and vitamin K deficiency. In:Goldman, L., Ausiello D. eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, Elsevier, Churchill, Livingstone; 2008:chap 181.

Global Political Economy Essay

Sustainable development is defined as development that allows us to meet our current needs without destroying the means of livelihood of future generations. There are three basic elements of sustainable development: (1) economic growth; (2) social development; and (3) environmental protection. Undoubtedly, all of these elements concern our world as a whole. Thus, it is essential to acknowledge that the health of the planet is synonymous with the health of the living beings that occupy it. Protecting the health of the planet is the mutual responsibility of all citizens of the world. Since the planet is limited with respect to its size and resources, it is a sure responsibility of all governments of the world to collectively ensure that all citizens of the globe have somewhat equal if not absolutely equal access to its resources. There are countless ways to distribute essential resources relatively equally. What is required apparently is more practice than preaching; that is, governments must be diligently finding ways to overcome global economic and environmental problems, and acting on proposed solutions. There are plenty of global issues requiring immediate outcomes and solutions. It would be wise to answer their call with immediate action. The Wal-Mart Effect: How Wal-Mart Affects the Economy Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is the world’s largest retailer, able to force its small competitors to shut down business as well as drive down wages. On a positive note, the retailer helps to keep down prices or inflation, and productivity at a high level. Wal-Mart sells goods at unbeatable prices. It thus â€Å"strikes fear into the establishment of every new industry it considers entering (Shaw et al. ). † Presently, Wal-Mart is expressing its desire to enter the banking industry in the United States. However, the banking industry is thoroughly intimidated by the kind of competition it would have to deal with. Wal-Mart is certain to be of financial service to the low-income consumer – if it does enter the banking industry in the United States, full-fledged. At least one-fifth of Wal-Mart consumers are low-income families that cannot afford to pay the high prices charged by most consumer banks and financial organizations in the United States (Weston). Hence, many low-income families do not have bank accounts in the country. Wal-Mart would like to change that, by offering unbeatable prices in the banking sector as well (Zellner). Whether the retailer has a greater positive or negative impact on the economy is, therefore, debatable. Is Capitalism Good for the Poor? A large number of people around the world are of the opinion that capitalists make profits at the expense of the poor. Others believe that capitalists provide jobs to the poor, thereby raising their standards of living. In early September, 2006, a toxic waste dumping scandal of truly globalized proportions came to light in the Ivory Coast. The Probo-Koala, a tanker chartered by the London-based shipping company, Tranfigura, set off from Amsterdam carrying four hundred metric tons of petrochemical waste to dump in Abidjan, the port city of the Ivory Coast (Vidal; â€Å"Ivory Coast Toxic Tanker Impounded by Estonia†). Tranfigura informed the Amsterdam Port Services that the waste was absolutely â€Å"conventional (Vidal). † However, it was later discovered that the waste contained hydrogen sulfide, which happens to be a poisonous gas, smelling as rotten eggs (â€Å"Ivory Coast Toxic Tanker†). At least ten people lost their lives in the weeks immediately following the incident in the Ivory Coast (Vidal). Moreover, seventy five thousand people are known to have sought medical treatment with complaints of nausea, nose bleeds, breathlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, skin damage, headaches, and swollen stomachs (Vidal; â€Å"Ivory Coast Toxic Tanker†). This incident was recognized as an illustration of the growth of capitalism at the expense of the Third World, regardless of the fact that capitalists provide jobs to the poor and develop their economies in the process. Works Cited â€Å"Ivory Coast Toxic Tanker Impounded by Estonia. † Environmental News Service. 28 Sep 2006. 13 Nov 2007. . Shaw, Hollie, and Carrie Tait. â€Å"Wal-Mart eyes banking: Financial services in Canada: It’s a way to strengthen ties with its customers: analyst. † CanWest Interactive. 31 October 2006. 13 Nov 2007. . Vidal, J. â€Å"UK Class Action Starts Over Toxic Waste Dumped in Africa. † Guardian Unlimited. 8 Jan 2007. 13 Nov 2007. . Weston, Liz Pulliam. â€Å"National Bank of Wal-Mart? † MSN Money. 2007. 13 Nov 2007. . Zellner, Wendy. â€Å"Wal-Mart: Your New Banker? – Wal-Mart Can’t Be Or Own A Full-Fledged Bank – Yet – But Its Partnerships And In-Store Financial Services Are Giving The Industry Jitters. † Business Week. 7 February 2005.