America - A Beacon for Democracy free essay sample

The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the idea that America is a beacon for democracy. This paper provides an American-centered look at the issue of democracy and how the United States has influenced other democracies in the world. It compares the United States to other pure and impure democracies and draws on the recent September 11th attacks to show how America epitomises this political state. From the paper: Democracy is defined as the free and equal representation of people: the free and equal right of every person to participate in a system of government, often practiced by electing representatives of the people by the people . Ever since King George tried to tax the colonies without allowing them a voice in the English political scene, Americans have fought mightily for their freedom, and for the ability to govern themselves. In doing so, they have also become a beacon for democracy around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on America A Beacon for Democracy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why? Because Americas democratic system, although flawed, still works.

Quotes essays

Themes for Scarlet Letter w/ Quotes essays Chillingworths physical appearance after living with Dimmesdale Chillingworths physical appearance ties directly into the meaning of the poem and the theme of retribution. It refers to the meaning of the poem because it directly shows that there is a punishment for all. Whether ones crime is physical or mentally. That any hatred pursued for long periods of time can tear away at ones soul and consequently make them unbearable to be in contact with. 1.and therefore bursting forth through the whole ugliness of his figures, Page 95. 2. Had a man seen old Roger Chillingworth, at that moment of his ecstasy, he would have had no need to ask how Satan comports himself, when a precious human soul is lost to heaven, and won into his kingdom. Page 95. 3. Sometimes, a light glimmered out of the physicians eyes, burning blue and ominous, like the reflection of a furnace, or, let us say, like one of those gleams of ghastly fire that darted from Bunyans awful door-way in the hill-side, and quivered on the pilgrims face. Page 88. Erratic sunshine in the forest scene As Hester and Pearl walk through the forest the sun shines erratically through the leaves. This is a very important occurrence in the novel because it shows that nature sides with love and compassion instead of punishment and suffering. It is as if nature is rejoicing in their decisions to meet with Dimmesdale. It adds to the meaning in that no matter what the odds not only nature, but one will always have love and hope. 1. so that a gleam of flickering sunshine might now and then be seen at its solitary play along the path. Page 125. 2. This flitting cheerfulness was always at the farther extremity of some vista through the forest. Page 125. 3. as Hester smiled to perceive, , did actually catch the sunshine, and stood laughing in the midst of it, all brightened by ...

Shelly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shelly - Essay Example This story can be seen as an allegory about the theme nature versus nurture. It shows that even monsters are capable of love and even a harmless creature can be turned into a monster, given the treatment that he or she receives from his or her creator or the people around him or her. To give more clarity to the theme, nature versus nurture, in Frankenstein, Shelly has used a set of verbal imagery including the images of fire, light, gloomy weather, remote settings, violence and finally death. The way in which the narrator in the story get cast away from mythical stories, which are very close to nature and get drawn towards science which was in some way opposite to nature, is by watching a lightning burning down a tree to ashes (Shelly, 56-58). Here, the light and fire is metaphoric of the transformation of the author from being a person fascinated by nature into someone who has the confidence to command nature, who believes in nurture rather than nature. And when Frankenstein narrate s his own inner story to his creator, the imagery of fire is repeated and the reader hears the monster wondering about the nature of fire in the following words: I found a fire†¦and was overcome with delight at the warmth I experienced from it. In my joy, I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with a cry of pain. How strange, I thought, that the same cause should produce such opposite effects (Shelley, 218). This is a profound depiction of the basic contradiction involved within the evil-good duo, which can also be interpreted as a reflection of nature- nurture duality as well. Because in nature there is no evil or good as such and they exist only within a frame created by human beings. So it can be argued that evil is an after-effect of nurture. And the fire teaches that simple lesson to the monster who is just like a new born baby unaware of good and evil, and who is just learning to tread the earth and the landscape of humanity. Throughout the s tory, people are seen seeking refuge around a wood fire to talk, to understand the contradictions of life better (Shelley, 257). Similarly, there is also mention of the â€Å"feverish fire† glimmering in the eyes of Frankenstein even when his health is failing him (Shelley, 254). Here, fire is the life force, the passion that keeps one alive. Fire is the boundary between life and death, between nature and nurture. In the same way, light is used as an imagery that represents knowledge- the point at which humans depart from nature and enters the realm of nurture. This is why Frankenstein is seen observing that â€Å"I began also to observe, with greater accuracy, the forms that surrounded me, and to perceive the boundaries of the radiant roof of light which canopied me† (Shelly, 217). Again the reference to knowledge is made when narrator says, â€Å"as exemplified in the change from life to death, and death to life, until from the midst of this darkness a sudden light broke in upon me† (Shelly, 84). This was the moment of knowing the secret of life. This was the point of transition from simply living the nature to nurturing life. But the same light becomes â€Å"oppressive† for Frankenstein because it is the growing existential knowledge that becomes an unbearable curse for him (Shelly, 214). And this is why, towards the

Parity Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Parity Theories - Essay Example This simply indicates uniformity in the prices of fixed number of goods and services and exchange rate of two countries. The roots of this theory lie in the law of one price, which says that homogenous goods should have identical prices universally not including any carrying or shipping costs under the prevalence of perfect competition if the pertinent national prices are stated in a common currency. The law of one price has certain conditions, which must exist in order for this law to be applicable. Firstly, it is the presence of competitive market for goods and services in two countries (EconomyWatch, 2010). Secondly, presence of goods and services that two countries can trade between themselves and lastly, checking of transportation and other operational expenses, which are obstructions in trade. Taking example of McDonald’s Big Mac hamburger prices around the world, one can understand this concept. For this the one should take the prices of all the countries in common curr ency, therefore dollar would be the appropriate one as every currency’s appreciation or depreciation is measured in terms of dollar (Taylor and Taylor, 2004, pp.135-158). In January 2004, the price of hamburger in United States was $2.80 where as in China it was $1.23, least expensive of all countries, this shows that China’s currency was underrated by 56%. ... Moreover, wage rate of the person serving foods at restaurant, rent of place of restaurant, and many other factors in case of businesses other that restaurants, have different costs and values in different countries therefore final prices become very different due to these inputs. In response of question that why countries should adopt Purchasing Power Parity Theory when there are so many discrepancies, one can say that in long-term PPP theory has good effects on the economy of a country. A big retailer may use this theory to find that in what countries products possess lesser prices than the domestic country so that the retailer can approach them. This would increase the demand of that product in the country in which it is of low price leading to increase in price (Murray and Papell, 2005, pp. 410-415). Simultaneously, the countries that were selling the product at a higher price would somehow manage to lower the prices so that demand increases and people purchases from them. Ultima tely, both countries would start offering same prices in spite of differences in the currencies. There are two types of purchasing power parity theories; these are Absolute purchasing power parity and relative purchasing power parity. Absolute purchasing power parity theory suggests that if the prices of goods convert into same currency then a basket of goods would have same cost in the native country as well as abroad. In simple words, absolute purchasing power parity theory assumes that the purchasing power of money should be identical between countries. On the other hand, relative purchasing power parity theory focuses on changes in

Leadership in early childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership in early childhood - Essay Example This study shows how leadership is viewed and the five concepts involved. A leadership situation can be described where the children go out for a morning break to play with their peers and in the process some of them go play inside their class disturbing other and breaking toys and furniture. Among their peers there was one child who was an immigrant and so could not play with the rest as they were avoiding her because of her skin color. The teacher who was responsible in monitoring the children during in the play ground was not present at the moment but was talking to a colleague. As the head teacher passed near the classroom, the children were involved in an activity where they were about to break furniture but the damage was prevented when the head teacher interrupted the situation. The teacher in charge was questioned for not being present and for not monitoring the children. This kind of situation shows how leadership skills had been neglected by the teacher in charge where they are to guide the children on how to play and lead them out of the classr oom. This type of concept can be used in early childhood leadership which includes the pedagogical leadership which ensures that children receive quality care and support. It also enhances a child development thus helping them in growth and better learning. Monitoring children is also necessary as it reveals to the entire community the need for early childhood leadership. This leadership is able to avoid a child from destructive behaviors or in adopting habits such as being discriminating peers. The other aspect is conceptual leadership which enables children to come up with new ideas of innovation which enables them become professionals (Jorde- Bloom, 2004). The major styles used in leadership include the authoritarian or the autocratic, participative or democratic and delegative or free reign. Cater (2001) show as a good leader; it is important to use all these

Analysis of The Justice Cascade by Kathryn Sikkink

Analysis of The Justice Cascade by Kathryn Sikkink The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions Are Changing World Politics. By Kathryn Sikkink. New York: W.W. Norton Company. 2011, 352, pp. $18.42 (Hardcover) The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions Are Changing World Politics Written by Kathryn Sikkink, is an exploration of the need for justice in the political scene. It is an assessment of the significance of accountability among politicians. It further reinforces the need for the empowerment of international tribunals to try cases that involve important political leaders to deter future recurrences of power abuse. Overall, the book seeks to answer the question on how human rights prosecutions influence the world politics? The exploration of this question results led the author to several findings. Firstly, in reinforcing the need for trials of leaders especially in cases of crimes against humanity, the author predicates that the initiative promotes the principle of democracy and promoting human rights as international norm. Logically, as more leaders are put on trial, it becomes more likely that in the future leaders will respect the rights of their people and will think twice before violating human rights. Likewise, it is also likely that individuals in high positions will avoid actions that border on corruption or abuse of power while they are in any governmental or nongovernmental position. The author provided cases of power abuse in several countries. On this manifestation, Sikkink indicates that over the years, a ruptured transition was no longer a condition for prosecutions (Sikkink 83). Secondly, the author undertakes to examine former high-profile cases which involved political figures on an i nternational platform. She negates the claims made by skeptics who prevail that the trials are often a sham intended to deceive the public. Such skeptics indicate that international system is largely intended to benefit the affluent and powerful figures, while neglect the need for the application of the law in its entirety. Sikkink noted that such prosecutions comprise some of the most effective ways by which occurrences of abuse of power and dictatorship nationally and internationally are negated. She attributes the increase in democracy across the globe to such prosecutions. According to Sikkink, the justice cascade is a basic example of norm cascade. The author opts for the term cascades to describe the newly emerging phenomenon. For instance, the social life in the United States is full of these cascades. An example is a policy of banning public smoking which after proposition became widely accepted as the norm (Sikkink 15). Sikkink suggested that the political leaders prosecuti ons will be worldwide accepted as a universal norm. More than ever, countries in Africa, Europe and Latin America do not have to bear the brunt of aggressive leadership as a result of the publicized prosecutions. Leaders of these countries ended up losing immunity for any acts of human rights violation. Shkkink acknowledge the role of human rights activists in these countries. Human rights activists helps to correct the behaviour of political leaders around the globe. In this book, the author discredits the critics who reject the need for the early prosecutorial interventions in the political environment. Such critics suggest that this may be the cause of further conflict in the countries affected by the prosecutions. However, Sikkink supports the idea that such prosecutions have greatly augmented human rights empowerment and democratic efforts initiated in many countries today. The book presents historical and global cases. Sikkink considers the reality of justice and the international norm, the book took a comprehensive approach. It does not limit itself to a particular region of the world, but rather explores the manifestation of political abuses and injustice on a global scale. The global approach ensures that the justice cascade or the prosecutions of political leaders become an international norm. The author hints that without the pursuance of political leaders prosecutions as an international norm, conflicts may continue to arise and resolving these conflicts may be postponed, which leads to division, chaos or maybe civil war in a given country. In engaging an inclusive tone to assess the implications of human rights in the international community, the book succeeds in exploring the contrasts between the previous political environments in many countries and the prevailing stability in countries that were previously unstable. The author predicates that leaders are subjected to fear when they are made to witness the prosecution of their fellows on an international platform (Sikkink 174). The author asserted that, The culminating point of the justice cascade was the creation of the International Criminal Court (Sikkink 209). The International Criminal Court (ICC) was created to ensure that individuals are responsible and will be held accountable for their actions. The author explores the history of the tribunal and the factors that led to its establishment and empowerment. Most of the critics feels that the ICC is partisan and avoids cases that involve superpowers while imposing its power on the weak nations. The book determines that leaders of the powerful countries have not yet charged or prosecuted for their crimes against humanity. For instance, the events that took place in the aftermath of September 11 attack in New York, which led to the invasion of Iraq in 2003. The author dissected that at the time, the binding frameworks between the US and the ICC were not fully ratified to prosecute individuals who were found to have propagated torture of suspects. Although , the United States have signed the Rome statute, but on May 6, 2002 the United States formally withdrew its intent of ratification. The book answers the tough questions with regards to the power of the international tribunals to prosecute political and high-ranking figures. It attributes the reduction in cases of political abuse to the increased empowerment of international prosecutions. Sikkinks analysis allows the reader access to the history and progress of human rights protection frameworks on a global scale. It provides the readers the foundational knowledge that they require to fully understand the implications of human rights prosecutions on the international scene.

Is Globalisation a Myth or a Fact? Essay -- essays research papers fc

The term globalisation describes the process of becoming worldwide in scope or application, and the increasing interdependency of nation-sates. At least - that gives us one loose definition for globalisation, but as Scholte (2000) realises, globalisation is a thoroughly contested subject, with arguments extend across the issue of definition as well as measurement, chronology, explanation and normative judgement. In fact, Scholte identifies five contrasting definitions for the word 'globalisation' as used by a number of the subject's commentators and critics - internationalisation, liberalisation, universalisation, western/modernisation and deterrioralisation are (2000: 13). In choosing a definition of globalisation, one is also selecting how they wish to interpret it, and what points they wish to convey. For example, the choice of western/modernisation leads to a view that globlisation sees the economically and politically powerful west globalising the rest of the world, whilst universalisation leads to a more neutral stance, taking it's root from the dictionary definition of the word 'gloalise', meaning to universalise. To judge whether or not globalisation is a myth or fact therefore requires the full understanding of what the term means to it's critics and advocates, and in which ways they belive it to be myth of fact. Giddens simplifies the debate into two main schools - the sceptics and the radicals. A radical himself, he writes that "According to the sceptics, all the talk about globalisation is only that - just talk" whilst "The radicals argue that not only is globalisation very real, but that its consequences can be seen everywhere" . Sceptics are seen by Giddens to hold a politicially left view, with their argument that globlaisation is "put about by free-marketeers who wish to dismantle welfare systems and cut back on state expenditure" (1999: 7-8). Key to his own argument, Giddens realises that globlisation is not just economic, but also political, technological and cultural. It appears that some sceptics of globalisation take their definition of the word not as a verb but as the resulting noun, 'globalised'. The argument is that globalisation does not exist because we're not living in a fully globalised world. For example, economists may argue that we are not living in a total global economy and use this as pro... ...hat globalisation doesn't exist. In fact, they do quite the opposite - they illustrate various ways in which the economy has become more global over the years. Through the literal meaning of globalisation (an act or process), suggesting that globalisation is a myth is ludicrous. Globalisation is the process of becoming worldwide in scope or applicaing and the increasing interdependency of nation-states. It is a commonly accepted definition of globalisation that is required to put an end to some rather pointless debate. With such a definition in place it is then possible to start truly analysing globlisation - looking at why it's happening, what it's leading to and in which ways its acting. A current fully globalised world is a myth, globalisation is not. Bibliography =============== Cohen & Kennedy (2000) Global Sociology, MacMillan: Basingstoke Germain, R (2000) Globalisation and its Critics, MacMillan: Basingstoke Giddens (1999) Runaway World, Profile Books: London Helt et al (1999) Global Transformations, Polity Press: Cambridge Rosenberg (2000) The Follies of Globalisation Theory, Verso: London Schulte (2000) Globalisation: a Critical Introduction, MacMillan: Basingstoke

Literary Analysis on Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis

Literary Analysis: The Screwtape Letters by C. S. Lewis By Agatha Xaris Villa A. Introduction & Rationale It is said that among the major literary genres recognized today, the ‘novel’ is the most accessible to the majority of the readership. However, in terms of stylistic analysis, novels are the most difficult subjects to analyze. However, a trend that has been observed for the bulk of the twentieth-century is that literary criticism conducted on the genre of narrative texts (i. e. novels) have primarily focused on narrative point of view (Short, 1996, pg. 56) and this is not without cause. Among the literary genres, the novel, prototypically, has the most complex narrative discourse structure. In contrast to the prototypical poem and play, the novel has at least three levels of discourse –the author-reader, character-character level, and the narrator-narratee level (Short, 1996, pg. 256-257). The complexity of the novel’s discourse structure is why it has the most number of viewpoints and why it is believed to be the most ideal literary form in which to study viewpoint (Short, 1996, pg. 257)In light of this premise, I shall be attempting to objectively conduct a literary analysis on an extract taken from The Screwtape Letters (1942), the popular satire written by C. S. Lewis with a focus on point of view. When I first read The Screwtape Letters, one of the aspects which I found most refreshingly original and creative about the text was the way in which this age-old story of â€Å"good VS evil† was presented by the author. While there are certainly other creative aspect in the text, C. S. Lewis’ creative manipulation of viewpoint is what I believe provides readers with that distinct sense of creativity and originality.To support this thesis, I will be exploring viewpoint from both macro-level (describing the general discourse relations in the novel) and micro-level (giving an account of the linguistic indicators of view point that show how the author manipulates viewpoint through smaller-scale linguistic choices). B. Basic Information about the Story The Screwtape Letters is what is known as an epistolary novel –a narrative that is told through a series of documents (usually journal entries or letters) from the pen of one or more characters from the story.A characteristic of such types of novels is its ability to provide a very intimate and in-depth view of the writers giving the story a good dose of realness. In all, The Screwtape Letters is comprised of a series of 31 letters written by one of hell’s own ‘undersecretaries’ – a high-standing demon by the name of Screwtape, who is writing to his nephew, Wormwood, who has only just received his first ‘patient’. Throughout the letters, Screwtape passes to Wormwood techniques on temptation and basic devilry – all to secure the eternal damnation of this one soul in the courts of their â€Å"Father Below†.From his own morally-reversed ‘demonic’ perspective, Screwtape explains (to Wormwood) and unveils (to the reader) a new perspective on the spirituality of ‘everyday life’ – something that ordinary men and women are unaware of. He also shows a very vivid contrast between the ways of ‘The Father Below’ and ‘The Enemy’ (God). Of course, as a demon, he speaks of ‘The Enemy’ and his ways with disdain and disgust but to the Christian reader, these are mere affirmations of faith. The story ends as the worst of Screwtape’s own ‘bad scenarios’ is indeed realized – in the death of ‘the patient’ in an air-raid.As mentioned, there are often several levels of discourse to be considered to understand what is going on. In the case of The Screwtape Letters, I believe there are three: a novelist-reader level, narrator-narratee level and the character-character level (as illust rated below). Level 1 Addresser 1 (C. S. Lewis) –> MESSAGE –> Addressee 1 (Reader) Level 2 Addresser 2 (Screwtape: narrator) –> MESSAGE –> Addressee 2 (Narratee) Level 3 Addresser 3 (Screwtape: character) –> MESSAGE –> Addressee 3 (Wormwood: character)There are several interesting things to note in this story’s discourse structure. First of all, it can be argued that all 3 levels on the ‘Addresser’ side may collapse together whenever Screwtape speaks. As a demon, he obviously has a different purpose and aim with regards to the human race and his letters reflect that view. He even describes certain perceptions held by humans which are the direct result of demonic manipulation and propaganda. While he is not, in fact, addressing us humans, as narrator, it feels like he is talking directly to us – effectively fulfilling the role of narrator.Furthermore, even though he is a demon, he is able to give vivid and even impa ssioned descriptions of some of the Enemy’s (God) plans and intentions – to the point that it sounds like treachery on his part. This, I believe is a way in which the author’s own point of view may be heard through Screwtape himself. On the other hand, levels 1 and 2 of the ‘Addressee’ side collapse together. The role of narratee (the person who is addressed by the narrator) in this narrative is more an abstract rather than a solidified concept simply because of the very nature of the letters themselves – ‘private letters’ between uncle and nephew.As the reader reads, he or she takes up both book and role of narratee. In this way, the author is able to reel us into the diabolical mind. As the narrative continues, the more we know of how demons operate the more we ‘understand’ their side but it also further heightens our awareness of their perverseness and evil. For the most part, the book follows the discourse struct ure outlined above (first-person narration) but this is not always the case. However, the fact that a large part of the discourse structure is ‘collapsible’ further strengthens the argument that novels (and this particular story) are ideal for analyzing viewpoint.C. Analysis of the Extract Based on Short’s work (1996), there are several different linguistic means available to the author to indicate and manipulate point of view. In this portion of the paper, I will evaluate and account for significant instances of these indicators or lack thereof to substantiate the claim that viewpoint is a stand-out characteristic of this particular piece of text. 1 Schema-oriented language The study of cognitive science asserts that for comprehension to be achieved; relevant background knowledge must be available and activated. This ‘background knowledge’ is known as schema (i. e. generic information about objects, people, situations and events)(Semino, 2006, pg. 3 8). The author has the ability to manipulate viewpoint by choosing to describe things from one particular point of view – that is, schema-oriented language. The title of the book (The Screwtape Letters) as well as the continued use of the ‘letter’ format in each chapter would have clued the readers to the main viewpoint featured in the text – that of Screwtape. In our extract (the 28th letter), Screwtape himself reveals the disparity between our perception about how demons see things and how they really perceive things.The opening of the extract would have had readers activating and using their schema related to ‘demons’, ‘demonic activity’, ‘war’ and ‘death’. However as they continue reading, it becomes clear that the textual input actually deviates from their pre-existing expectations and causes schemas to be modified (Semino, 2006, pg. 40). This experience is what is referred to as ‘schema refres hment’ (Cook, 1994). The text begins to deviate from the norm when we read of Screwtape chastising his nephew for his naive way of perceiving ‘death’.In a strange move, he advises his nephew (lines 22-24) to pay close attention to the physical safety of his ‘patient’– because ‘if he dies, you lose him’ (line 25). Overall, this seems contradictory to our own conventional thinking about what demons think about ‘death’ and Screwtape is fully aware that it is. In lines 20-21, he explains to Wormwood that humans ‘tend to regard death as the prime evil and survival as the greatest good,’ and continues by citing that this is little more than the fruit of the devil’s own propaganda.Yet another part of the extract which seems to depart from our general assumptions regarding demonic activity is when Screwtape explains the opportunities that adversity, prosperity and long life bring to demons. Naturally, peop le are especially averse towards suffering of any kind – however, to think that prosperity lends an even better opportunity for the demon’s cause may come as a shock for readers – especially those that are not particularly verse in biblical teaching. Indeed, it is important to note that whether or not the reader experiences ‘schema refreshment’ is entirely dependent on his or her personal schemata.Perhaps one of the reasons why this book has been well-received by those in the Christian community is because they have the necessary schemata regarding demons and biblical teaching to help them grasp and appreciate the subtleties of C. S. Lewis’ satirical writing. One interesting thing to note is that Screwtape’s worst-case scenario does come to pass in the end—the patient does die and is thus forever loosed from the demon’s clutches in the same way that Screwtape had described – an air raid. Of course, Screwtape (the c haracter) was not actually intending to predict the future. Value-laden expressions Viewpoint may also be controlled and manipulated by the author through small-scale linguistic choices regarding how to describe particular elements of the story. A character’s viewpoint may be identified by highlighting their feelings or attitudes regarding something. For example, at the beginning of the chapter, Screwtape describes his nephew’s excitement of the oncoming air raids as being ‘infantile’ and that he is ‘singularly obtuse’ in not providing him with the data he really wants.He repeats, ‘do you not know’ (line 8-9) as if to further criticize his nephew for not referring to what should be common knowledge. Later, Screwtape says that he is ‘ashamed’ to even have to explain it (lines 7-8). In all, all these value-laden expressions indicate that Screwtape is upset over his nephew’s incompetence and lack of common sense. 3 Given VS new information In writing a story, the author must make certain assumptions regarding the type of schema or ‘common knowledge’ available to readers and use them to improve the communicative ability of his writing.Traditionally, whenever characters/1st person narrator/author want to introduce new information, they will need to use an indefinite article such as ‘a’. For example, in the extract, Screwtape mentions (for the first time) ‘a great human philosopher’ (line 53) into the letter-exchange. As the story continues, characters may make references to things and events that have already been mentioned in the past and thus refer to them using the definite article ‘the’ which is an indicator of given information.The extract, which is taken from the 28th chapter of the series, is actually a few chapters close to the end of the story and features a small summary of some of the things that Wormwood has tried. In lines 9-17, he refers to ‘the worldly friends’ that Wormwood has tried to introduce to his patients, ‘the girl’ (line 14) whom the patient has fallen in love with and ‘the various methods’ Wormwood has used to corrupt the patient’s spiritual life.All these refer to events and entities in earlier chapters of the book. It is possible that even events and entities that have not been mentioned earlier receive definite reference because the author believes it to be ‘general knowledge’ for readers or he is deliberately positioning readers in a position called ‘in medias res’ (or already ‘in the know’ (Short, 1996) – a technique which is used to further intensify the readers closeness to the events of the story.Take for instance, the references made by Screwtape regarding the characteristics that are being referred to as known characteristics of human mid-life crisis: ‘the long, dull, monotonous years of middle aged prosperity or†¦adversity’ (line 27), ‘the routine of adversity, the gradual decay of youthful loves and youthful hopes, the quiet despair of ever overcoming chronic temptations†¦, the drabness which we create in their lives and the inarticulate resentment†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (lines 27-32). 4 Indicators of character’s thoughts or perceptions The very nature of the extract’s format is indicative of whose thoughts and perceptions we are reading.However, this also means that everything that is told in the narrative is limited to the perceptions of one character. To this end, the author does give some clues as to the level of factivity of Screwtape’s views. In line 5, Screwtape writes that Wormwood ‘seems singularly obtuse’. While ‘seem’ is not a popularly recognized ‘factive’ verb, its inclusion in this sentences tell us that there is a level of uncertainty. In line 17, Screwtape says with some lev el of certainty that if the patient died on that night, ‘he will almost certainly be lost’ to them. And ironically, in the end, that is exactly what happened. Deixis One way in which the author may indicate particular or changing viewpoints is by using deictic expressions (i. e. , expressions which are indicative of the positioning of certain objects in relation to a deictic focal point – the speaker) which may come in the form of demonstrative determiners or pronouns (e. g. this and that), deictic adverbs (e. g. here and there), deictic verbs (e. g. come, go, etc. ) and even tense (e. g. now and then)(Short, 1996, pg. 269). There is relatively little use of deictic expressions to indicate changing viewpoints however, there are instances wherein deictic expressions indicate istance of certain objects from the position of the speaker. Consider lines 20-21 wherein Screwtape writes, â€Å"They, of course, do tend to regard death as the prime evil and survival as th e greatest good. † The use of the pronoun ‘they’ indicates Screwtape’s attitude and perception towards humans – that they are deictically remote from his ‘physical position’ and ‘psychological position’ (because they are not part of the conversation and do not share the same perception regarding death). However, this sentence may make readers feel a distinct sense that they are ‘eaves-dropping’.Furthermore, the author is talking about the readers (us), through the character/narrator in the third person – a round-about strategy that C. S. Lewis employs extensively for the purpose of teaching readers. Another type of deixis which may be found in the extract is the use of ‘social’ deixis which refers to the use of different naming terms that indicate differences or similarities in social status and standing. Just as in every chapter of the book, Screwtape insists in using the greeting ‘My Dear Wormwood’ and the closing remark ‘Your affectionate uncle’ which tells of the close relationship between the two demons.While he is superior in rank and does reserve the right to strongly criticize Wormwood, he seems to be doing so as a mentor to a beloved student – an uncle to a nephew. That is, if familial love is even possible between demons. 6 The sequencing and organization of actions and events In novels, the way in which events are sequenced and portrayed is a means through which we can see the impressions and viewpoint of a particular character. In fact, this way of psychologically sequencing events is often used to present the perceptions of the I-narrator/character during the time of the events.The extract does not attempt to recreate any moments but seems to either be recalling past events or giving the viewpoint of someone who sees the human life from a higher vantage point – allowing him to see a bigger picture. He cannot see the e ntire picture since he has neither hold nor distinct knowledge of the future. In conclusion to this segment, let us move from analyzing viewpoint simply from the point of view of spatial-temporal viewpoint onto examining viewpoint in terms of ‘ideology’ or ‘world-view’ – the generalized mind-set our outlook that a person, often a group representative, on the world. Ideological viewpoint In a way, there is no better, simpler or more logical way to be able to see simple complexity of C. S. Lewis’ use and manipulation of viewpoint in The Screwtape Letters than to analyze it from an ideological standpoint. It is interesting all in itself to find a human attempting to realistically enlighten readers about the truth behind human life from the point of view of a demon especially when that human is an unabashed and staunch follower of the Christian faith and makes no concessions regarding his own ‘ideological point of view’.Screwtape, in being a demon, obviously sees the world differently than humans or the good/God side. Human life is important to him only so far as it gives ‘his side’ the opportunity to secure yet another soul for the fires of hell. Also, being a higher-ranked demon with more experience on the field, Screwtape’s ideological point of view is different from that of Wormwood in that he has the benefit of resources and information that his inexperienced, first-time tempter nephew would not have access to. Thus, as was noted in the extract, he is not excited about the same things Wormwood is excited about – e. . the war, death, etc. and he is rather forthright with the evaluations, judgments and advice he passes onto his nephew. However, Screwtape does have the propensity towards describing the Enemy’s position in quasi-fashion. As a demon, he is supposed to be in opposition to the Enemy however whenever he describes the Enemy, he becomes a puppet for the author to spe ak of the truth thus sounding like a completely different person at times. It is ironic because Screwtape himself does not agree with all the things that he says. For example in the last two chapters of the etter (lines 40 – 65), he describes how the Enemy protects humans from the full brunt of demonic temptation by exercising His sovereign power over time and even them and his plan for humans in heaven. In his own demonic way, he sings praises to the work of the Enemy. D. Evaluations regarding literary analysis On the whole, it would seem that I have been able to support my initial interpretation regarding this piece of text. I have been able to describe the viewpoint of my extract from a macro and micro view as well as have found instances of most, if not all, of the linguistic indicators of viewpoint.However, there are limitations that I foresee both in my attempt and the practice and process of literary and stylistic analysis in general. First of all, for the purpose of m anageability, I could not carry out an extensive analysis on my chosen piece of text. I was restricted to the analysis of an extract. In addition, I had to choose to concentrate on only one aspect of the text which means that I could not take into account other aspects of the text that may have given me a more rounded interpretation of the text.There is a great possibility that my objectivity in analyzing the text has been compromised from the very beginning since I began with an initial interpretation regarding the text. Furthermore, my personal schemata regarding the subject matter affects the way that I interpret texts and therefore the output of my literary criticism and analysis; making it almost impossible to arrive at a completely unbiased and objective analysis. Being a Christian myself, I share the same ‘ideological viewpoint’ as C. S. Lewis and interpreted the text with the same assumption.This is not to say that my beliefs are actually on the same page as the author’s and truthfully, there is no way of knowing. This means that certain aspects of the text that appears outstanding to me may only be significant for me personally. Finally, an important thing to note is that stylistic analysis is in not a ‘static’ output but may be subject to change in relation to the availability and status of resources available to analysts at any given time. As Short admits, ‘no analysis is entirely objective it he sense that it is true for all time. ’ With new forms of analysis come new findings and new or modified interpretations (1996, pg. 58). E. Conclusions on literary analysis While some may argue that the systematic way in which literary analysis studies literary texts may hinder analysts from simply partaking of the joy of reading, this has certainly not been the case for me. The Screwtape Letters has always been one of my favourite books of all times. After having analyzed one chapter, specifically with point of v iew as a theme of analysis, I now have a renewed sense of respect and admiration for the narrative skill of its creator and with the complexity of the creation itself.Overall, I believe that I have done my best to attempt to systematically and objectively analyze the text and have managed to come to some conclusions that are both expected and unexpected. And while I am sure that there are certainly some aspects I have missed out on or even overworked, I am quite satisfied with my attempt and hope to continue putting the practices of literary analysis to practice to enhance and deepen my understanding of other literary works of interest. References Cook, G. (1994).Discourse and Literature: The Interplay of Form and Mind, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Lewis, C. S. (1942). Chapter 28 The Screwtape Letters. C. S. Lewis Pte. Ltd. Semino, E. (2006). Reading C: Cognitive poetics. Chapter 1 Literature and creativity in English in Goodman, S. and O’Halloran, K. (eds) The art of Eng lish: literary creativity. Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, pg. 37 – 40 Short,M. (1996). Chapter 9 Fictional prose and point of view. Exploring the Language of Poems, Prose and Plays, London: Longman. pg. 255 – 279 Short,M. (1996).Chapter 12 Fictional prose and point of view. Exploring the Language of Poems, Prose and Plays, London: Longman. pg. 354 – 358 Short, M. (2005). Topic 8 – Discourse structure and point of view. Ling 131 Language & Style is a Stylistics course. Retrieved on December 2008. Retrieved from: http://www. lancs. ac. uk/fass/projects/stylistics/topic8/begin8. htm ———————– Addresser 1 (C. S. Lewis) MESSAGE Addressee 1 (Reader) Addresser 2 (Screwtape: narrator) MESSAGE Addressee 2 (Narratee) Addresser 3 (Screwtape: character) MESSAGE Addressee 3 (Wormwood: character)

Do videogames contribute to gun violence Essay Example

Do videogames contribute to gun violence Essay Example Do videogames contribute to gun violence Essay Do videogames contribute to gun violence Essay Do videogames contribute to gun violence? In modern society, many people like to play video games. Some people even become addicted to it. They dont go to work, and they Just play video games all day. I think video games are good for killing time and entertainment, but we shouldnt play too much. Playing video games does not help people for anything. Many people also think that playing violent video games would make people become violent. According to a survey, a whopping 75% of polled parents think violent video games contribute to violence. In my opinion, I think video games do contribute to gun violence. First, some people are too addicted to violence video games, and they cant differentiate the real world and the virtual world. They think people could resurrect in the real world like the characters in video games, or they might kill people in the reality and think they are still playing video games. As COuellet says, The isolated realities that enter a persons subconscious and mind through repetitive viewing or participation in violent video games can easily translate to acts of violence in real life(COuellet). I think this is very likely to happen when a person plays video games for many days without etting enough sleep. Secondly, some people especially children would simulate the scenes that they think is interesting in video games, or they might simulate the characters in video games. Children often have a strong curiosity, and they often dont know what is right or wrong, so they might do the things that are from video games. Children are more likely to simulate things from video games according to the web, mfoung children are more likely to confuse fantasy violence with real world violence, and without a framework for ethical decision making, they may mimic the ctions they see in violent video games(ProCon. org). In addition, the people, who use guns to shoot other people in the real world, they all play violent video games. There is something terrible that happened in 1999. The students Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris opened fire in their Colorado high school. They shot 20 people, and 13 of them were dead. According to the media, The media revealed that Harris and Klebold played a lot of violent video games, including Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, and Mortal Kombat. 0ulia Layton). When people play a lot of violence video games, and they kill lot of people in the games, they think it is not serious to kill people. It would be very terrible if they get used to it. Finally, video games often reward players for simulating violence. Players would get reward from killing in video games instead of punishing them. This would encourage people to be violence. Moreover, violent video games teach children that violence is an acceptable way to solve problems. A study from 2009 found that children who play violent video games have lower belief in the use of nonviolent strategies and are less forgiving than players of nonviolent video games. According to a web, Critics argue that these games desensitize players to violence, reward players for simulating violence, and teach children that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflicts(ProCon. org). In conclusion, I think playing violence video games would make people become violence. First, some people cant differentiate the real world and the virtual world. They think people in the real world could resurrect like in video games. Secondly, children often have a strong curiosity, so tney mlgnt simulate tne scenes tnat make tnem Teel Interested. In aaaltlon e people, who use guns to shoot other people in the real world, they all play violent video games. Finally, video games reward players when they do killing in video games instead of punishment. Besides, video games teach children that violence is an acceptable way to solve problems. COuellet. Does violence in video games contribute to real life violence? Helium. Web. 13 June. 2008. Do violent video games contribute to youth violence? ProCon. org. Web. Layton Julia. Do violent video games lead to real violence? HowStuffWorks. Web.

Writing Guide on How to Write a Law Essay

Writing Guide on How to Write a Law Essay An essay is a form of an academic activity that allows a professor to evaluate the student’s knowledge on the studied subject. Taking a degree in law? Or studying law as a part of course at high school or college? No matter what is the reason why you need to write a law essay, focus on this academic activity to the fullest extent. Essay writing as an academic activity offers many advantages. Some of them are: You learn to express ideas in a concise and well-structured manner; You increase your knowledge through reliable sources of information; You explore new topics for essays that may be quite specific to the field of study; You build up your critical and analytical thinking skills, and so on. In addition to all the benefits mentioned before, you have the chance to improve your academic performance by writing a good essay in Law. Get motivated to write an essay in Law right now? Don’t omit this law essay writing guide and read it to the end to make no mistake in your essay writing. What You Should Know about Essays in Law Remember you can’t start writing any essay without knowing what type of essays you are required to write. Being quite a specific and the most spread form of the academic activity, essays are divided into different categories. The main types of essays are as follows: Narrative, Descriptive, Expository, Persuasive. Following the Harvard Law School curriculum, a series of writing and research projects is based on legal reasoning. It means that the most popular types of essays are expository and persuasive ones. While expository essays require the exploration of a certain law topic by the use of facts, statistics, and examples, the persuasive essays imply the â€Å"persuasion of a reader’ as the core aim of the activity by the presentation of facts and logical conclusions. Can I Choose Any Topic for My Law Essay? Answers from Our Writers The initial step for good writing any kind of academic paper is choosing a topic. As opposed to term papers, essays can be focused on a less extended range of topics to explore. And in contrast to research papers, essays require such topics that a student can present the analytical skills and own thoughts on the matter of discussion. Some instructors usually suggest a list of topics in accordance with the course readings and materials. But sometimes some professors allow students to brainstorm their ideas and choose any topic he/she would like to investigate. Certainly, the process of choosing the essay topic is much easier when a student already has a list of topics. However, if this does not happen to you, feel free to check the course materials on your own and find a topic you would like to write about. First of all, the topic should be appropriate for the legal studies course. Secondly, you should understand what to focus on while persuading the reader or simply giving an opinion. Thirdly, you should present a sufficient number of academic literature or, in other words, credible sources which prove your opinion on the subject matter. 10 Appropriate Topics Vs. 5 Inappropriate Topics for Your Law Essay The following list of topics has a purpose to guide you in the right direction by means of 10 possible topics for your essays on the law studies course: School Bullying: Will the Legislation of Bullying Laws Solve the Problem of School Bullying? Pros and Cons of Marriage: Do Civil Couples and Married Couples Have Similar Rights Today? Legislation on Prohibiting Infidelity: Is the Enactment of Such Laws Appropriate Nowadays? Juvenile Offenders Vs. Adult Offenders: Are They Punished Equally by Law? Trade of Marijuana or Any Other Drug: Legalize or Not? Sex Discrimination in Law Professions: Is It Top-of-the-Agenda? Is There a Need to Create Specific Legislation Aimed to Regulate the Religious Freedom? 5 Advantages of the Legalization of the Same-Sex Marriages? How to Improve the Law System to Prevent Racism in the Workplace? What Changes Should Be Made in the Regulation of Laws to Prevent Sexism in the Society? The above-mentioned topics are simply examples, yet they can be modified according to your own preferences. Additionally, here are some topics which are not appropriate for the law paper. Most of them are simply irrelevant, unethical or do not require the depth of thought: The Income Tax and Its History; Is the Capital Punishment Appropriate in the 21st Century? Wage Price Controls During the Era of President Nixon; How Tax Levels Influence the Economic Growth; The History of the Voting Procedures. How to Write a Title for My Law Essay to Catch an Eye While writing a title for an essay, you should take into consideration the following functions of a title: Titles inform about what a piece of writing is going to cover; Titles grab the reader’s attention (and only well-invented titles are able to perform it!); Titles reflect on the purpose and tone of writing; Titles contain some keywords that simplify the access to a piece of writing through an online/computer search. Let’s work with the title, â€Å"Legal Regulation of Religious Freedom† Besides providing the key concepts used in the law essay, there is nothing more valuable for a good title to attract the reader’s attention. Only the professor, who has to read an essay, will read it. It does not allow the professor understand the purpose and tone of writing, the student’s attitude towards the problem. Instead, the title â€Å"Why Is Specific Legislation Important for the Regulation of the Religious Freedom?† explains the writer’s attitude and informs the reader concisely about the concepts used in the essay. Additionally, if you are interested in attracting attention to your essay, make it with the help of some words like ‘today’, ‘nowadays’, ‘current’, ‘recent’, etc. Know why it may work for you? The reader can conclude that you write on the modern situation that is closer to him than the issue relevant to the Aristotles era. At least, you can always look at the legal issues from various time perspectives comparing them. It is also interesting to follow. Don’t forget to mention it in your essay title. How to Create a Valid Thesis Statement for My Law Essay The thesis statement is the next detail of any academic form of writing which contains the core concept the writer is going to persuade the reader in or just explain it. The thesis statement becomes substantial when it answers the main question of the topic the student explores. Besides, a well-developed thesis statement allows the reader to understand what the paper will reveal them if they decide to familiarize with it. In the topic â€Å"Why Is Specific Legislation Important for the Regulation of the Religious Freedom,† the thesis statement may sound as following: â€Å"The legislation associated with the regulation of the religious freedom is important as it prevents the emergence of dangerous religious groups.† Only stating that the laws on the regulation of the religious freedom are important is not enough as the main function of the thesis statement is the presentation of reasons that prove one’s attitude towards the issue and serve as evidence for the per suading process. Keeping that in mind, the following algorithm appears to be effective while writing a valid thesis statement: Ask a question: Should the government pass laws which regulate the religious freedom? Answer the question: The government should initiate the laws that regulate the religious freedom. Add the reasons that explain the above-mentioned idea: The government should initiate the laws which regulate the religious freedom because such laws prevent the emergence of dangerous religious groups and cults. In the process of writing, the thesis statement can be slightly changed due to the addition of information that proves or refutes the basic idea of the essay. Work on the thesis statement as required. Where to Search for Credible Sources of Information for My Law Essay? While writing an academic paper, it is advisable for a student to use additional sources besides the course materials. The credible information sources allow the law students to find some case decisions from courts, legal acts and regulations, law reports and journals, constitutions, treaties, and so on. All these sources can be found at: HeinOnline allows the students search for credible law articles; Westlaw offers a variety of court cases; LexisNexis for Law Schools provides the legal, government, business and high-tech information sources. Watch the tutorial on how to use one of the given sources: Additionally, you can consult Google Books or Google Scholar to find the necessary books and peer-reviewed articles online. Meanwhile, a student can categorize the sources by their importance. For instance, some law articles and law digests contain the most valuable information, while such sources as textbooks, editorials, and encyclopedias are considered less important in terms of being a proof for the student’s argumentation. It is recommended to familiarize with the information in the sources to examine facts and explore the question of the essay. At the same time, a student can find the arguments that prove his or her position towards the question or refute it. How to Outline My Law Essay? Logically! Usually, a law essay contains the same parts as any other academic text does. The traditional essay consists of five parts which are an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introductory part usually aims at familiarizing the reader with the general information about the topic and the issue. For instance, the introduction to the essay â€Å"Why Is Specific Legislation Important for the Regulation of the Religious Freedom† may contain the information about the history of the religious freedom being regulated by law. The thesis statement is usually the last sentence of the introduction. The body paragraphs present the explanation of the reasons mentioned in the thesis statement. As for the analyzed topic connected to the religious freedom, the body paragraphs may present some court cases which prove that the lack of religious control leads to the increase of criminal activities among some religious groups that promote human sacrifices. The more evidence the student finds, the more valid his or her arguments become. While exploring the court cases and real historical evidence, a student should ask himself or herself a â€Å"What if†¦?† question; for instance, â€Å"What if the law which demands all churches be legalized and controls all their activities existed?† Suggesting a possible scenario will allow the student to demonstrate the need for the regulation of the religious freedom. One of the body paragraphs for the essay which reveals the topic associated with the regulation of the religious freedom may sound as the following: The implementation of appropriate laws which regulate the religious activity is crucial in order to define whether the new religious groups are dangerous or not. For instance, the activities of the Hernandez Brothers’ cult could have been identified timely, and that could have saved the life of victims if only the police were obliged to check the activities of all the existing religious groups. With that in mind, the need to regulate the religious freedom and intervene in any sort of suspicious religious activity is necessary in order to prevent the spread of criminal acts. Writing a body paragraph may appear tricky for a student at first. However, the process is actually clear. First of all, the body paragraph contains such elements as a topic sentence, one or more details (pieces of evidence), and a concluding sentence. A topic sentence is usually one of the reasons mentioned in the thesis statement, while details are evidence for the reason, and a concluding sentence is a part that summarizes the importance of the discussed argument. The conclusion is the last part of the essay that commonly demonstrates the results of the research and the study of the issue to the reader. The conclusive part usually contains the paraphrased thesis statement and the evidence for it. Checking the Grammar and Detecting Plagiarism After a student finishes writing the essay, it is advisable to check if the paper contains grammar mistakes and plagiarized parts. While checking the essay, a student should also check whether the text corresponds to the professors rubric as well as whether it consists of logically connected parts. Pay attention to the body paragraphs that should be presented in the proper order. A student may read the paper out loud or ask someone to do it. This way help you detect some mistakes that are missed while only reading. Additionally, the word count and the number of pages should also correspond to the paper instructions as well as the citation format should do. Meanwhile, using the additional software aimed at effective grammar checking and plagiarism detection is highly recommended. One of the most effective modern grammar checkers is Grammarly. The program is free to use. Don’t hesitate to benefit from using it on your own. At the same time, the program not only detects mistakes but also improves the academic writing skills. The most efficient software which detects plagiarism is Turnitin. It is probably the most popular tool for detecting plagiarism in the American university surroundings. What Can Help Me Write My Essay in Law? Each educational institution has writing centers which can provide professional advice on the academic writing. However, if a student decides to find information by himself or herself, then many guiding books on the academic writing appear to be helpful in this case. Such sources are divided into various categories starting from books on academic writing for international students to books for professional academic writers. There are many popular sources aimed at helping students with the academic writing process: The Craft of Research by Wayne C. Booth teaches one how to choose credible sources for the paper, find valid arguments for the reader’s persuasion, and how to generally build the logical text. Writing with Power by Peter Elbow is a guiding book on academic writing that explores various techniques that can improve one’s writing, for instance, the technique of free-writing. Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills by John M. Swales and Christine B. Feak is another book that may contribute to improving the quality of the academic texts. The source is one of the most significant guides on academic writing as it tells the reader about the stages of the writing process and how to organize it while presenting a set of rules and exercises in the field of academic writing. This guide will be helpful for you if you follow all the law essay writing tips immediately after reading them. So look through our advice on how to write an essay in Law and start writing it as required by your instructor properly and academically correctly!

There's No Place Like Home - on Moon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

There's No Place Like Home - on Moon - Essay Example Unlike Cold War era, there is no maritime competition pushing superpowers ahead for such plans. So why is this increased interest in lunar exploration and lunar real estate The ever-increasing technical prowess and latest discovery of water ice in Polar Regions has fuelled interest of all. In this paper we explore the current trends of all such activity analyzing the feasibility of any moon habitat. Our aim is to give a realistic overview of advantages - disadvantages of such a project. Apollo program proved that manned mission to moon is very much feasible but the rock and dirt samples brought back were extremely low in lighter elements required for supporting life. This dampened enthusiasm for any lunar base project. However, in recent times, advocates such as National Space Society and the Moon Society cite the possibility of clean fusion power from Helium 3 fuel mined on the moon as a potential economic justification for a lunar base. Mining helium-3, a potential rich source of energy (could be used in futuristic fusion reactors on Earth that would generate electricity without producing nuclear waste) and harnessing it back to Earth would be a key priority in the moon exploration program. Such fusion technology could also power rockets for deep space travel in the future. This is how Peter Kokh in his Moon Society Paper gives justification for Human Presence on the moon:4 The Moon's far side also called the dark side of moon may be an ideal site for future radio astronomy as it is permanently shielded from the noisy Earth. Because moon is isolated from the Earth, it can be an ideal place for biologically hazardous experiments. In the vacuum like no atmosphere and no gravity condition of moon, some unique chemical and biological products such as life saving drugs may be producible. Scientists are optimistic about advances in other technologies such as nano-robotics in such environment. For future space exploration, the Moon can serve as a launching pad. The reason is that the escape velocity from moon is far less and cost of transportation of materials from Moon will be far cheaper when compared to any such mission from Earth. Kokh also highlights the importance of the involvement of private enterprise in such efforts. 3. Constraints involved in Lunar base programs For any life support system targeting Habitats for human exploration and presence on the Moon will require vastly expanded habitat research and design validation efforts.5 We have too many constraints for any such project. Availability of oxygen: Moon has no atmosphere and hence there is no question of oxygen present in atmosphere. However, there is a possibility to extract oxygen from the Ilmenite ore present on the moon. Scientists also propose an

A letter to the editor in the Wall Street Journal Essay - 7

A letter to the editor in the Wall Street Journal - Essay Example Critics have it that the increment can lead to the companies laying off some workers or even resort to the use of machines ,so as to counteract the increased labor cost. Production and manufacturing companies may also increase the prices of their commodities; a step that might lead to a gradual decrease in demand of the goods. These facts sound detrimental to the ears that choose to listen. However, the profits of raising wages supersede the conceptual losses to the economy of any nation in the world. According to a latest report tabled by the Congressional Budget Office, pay raise from $ 10.10 per hour will definitely give the working population much money to spend on the purchases and thus elevating the economy. Higher wages also attract more skilled personnel for a company hence increasing the productivity. Besides, higher earnings give the workers the power and confidence to buy the products from the very company in which they work. This is another hidden way of increasing the